Hens can be immunized by means of i.m. vaccination (Musculus pectoralis, left and right, injection volume 0.5-1.0 ml) or by means of Gene-Gun plasmid-immunization. Dependent on the immunogenicity of the antigen, high antibody-titres (up to 1:100,000 - 1:1,000,000) can be achieved after only one or 3 - 4 boost immunizations. Normally, a hen lays eggs continuously for about 72 weeks, thereafter t...

this experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of l-carnitine on productive performance, egg quality and blood parameters in laying hens. forty-eight hy-line w-36 egg layers were weighed at 90 weeks of age and randomly allocated into 16 cages (three hens per cage). four dietary treatments were prepared by supplementing l-carnitine (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg of diet)...

In recent papers, Tanabe et al.(1956,1957) reported that no increase in the uptake of I131 by the thyroid was observed in molting hens as compared with laying hens,and no acceleration in the release of I131 as thyroid hormone from the thyroid of the hen was observed either in molting period or in pre-molting period. Further-more, it has been shown that thiouracil feeding does not prevent natura...

Environmental conditions and bird health are important elements in assessment of animal welfare for laying hen housing systems, but limited information is available comparing different types of systems. Three types of laying hen houses caged high-rise, caged manure-belt, and cage-free floor-raised were monitored for temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide, and atmospheric ammonia during ...

Gallibacterium anatis is a member of the normal flora of avian hosts and an important causative agent of peritonitis and salpingitis in laying hens. Here we report the availability of the first completed G. anatis genome sequence of strain UMN179, isolated from an Iowa laying hen with peritonitis.

introduction: with using multiple linear regression (mlr), can simultaneously analyses several different variables, but to get the desirable results from the mlr, the samples must be much and accurate. therefore, this method has high sensitivity and may cause errors in results. in addition, to use this method, the variable must have normal distribution and modification follow from a linear rela...

the aim of this study was to recognize the effects of dietary hempseed (hs) and hempseed oil (ho) on performance, egg quality and blood parameters of laying hens. a total of 320 hy-line 55-weeks laying hens were randomly allotted to eight dietary treatments with five replicates (8 birds each). the experimental treatments were offered as a completely randomized design as follow: control group (n...

three experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of bitter vetch. experiment 1 was conducted to determine the metabolisable energy content of bitter vetch. sixteen adult leghorn roosters were used. forty grams of bitter vetch were precision-fed individually to 12 roosters. in addition, 4 birds were not fed and served as a control treatment in the measurement of metabolic fecal...

this study was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementation different levels of pomegranate seed pulp (psp) on performance and blood parameters in laying hens. a total of 96 layers hens (hy-line w-36) at 24 week of age were randomly assigned into 4 treatments including 0 (control), 5, 10 and 15% of psp, with 4 replicates containing 6 layers in each. results showed no significant effec...

The increased interest in becoming green for consumers and companies is driving groups to develop innovative ways to become more efficient and reduce their waste. Foods past their expiration dates are large sources of waste and are causing food-manufacturing companies to develop waste disposal strategies. Integrating by-products from these companies into animal diets, specifically that of layin...