DR. MARQUARDT It does seem to occur throughout nature in many biologic systems, including flowers and the leaf divergence from a stem in plants, and particularly in humans. For example, the width of the nose to the width of the mouth is a ratio of 1:1.618 in a beautiful face. In an ideal dentition, the width of the maxillary central incisor is 1.618 times the width of the maxillary lateral inci...

Predicting phenotypes based on genotypes and understanding the effects of complex multi-locus traits on plant performance requires a description of the underlying developmental processes, growth trajectories, and their genomic architecture. Using data from Brassica rapa genotypes grown in multiple density settings and seasons, we applied a hierarchical Bayesian Function-Valued Trait (FVT) appro...

in the turfgrass industry, the need for salinity tolerant turfgrasses is increasing because of the increased use of saline and non-potable water. greenhouse container experiments were conducted to determine the relative salinity tolerance and growth responses of eleven native populations of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schrub) (tf), including: semirom, mashhad, sanandaj, yasuj, yazd abad, d...

abstract many uses of landscape and important roll of ground covers aspect turfgrasses caused extensive of this plant in the cities. this study focuses on shoot responses and tolerance of native and commercial turf grasses under drought stress in a factorial experiment based on unbalanced completely random design on the year 2006. the specious that we used in this experiment included (i) commer...

The relationship between spatial density and size of plants is an important topic in plant ecology. The self-thinning rule suggests a -3/2 power between average biomass and density or a -1/2 power between stand yield and density. However, the self-thinning rule based on total leaf area per plant and density of plants has been neglected presumably because of the lack of a method that can accurat...

The geometrical structure of plant canopies has many implications for plant functioning, microclimatic conditions, and plant-pathogen/herbivore interactions. Plant geometry can be described at several scales. At the finest scale, canopy structure includes the shape, size, location, and orientation of each organ in the canopy. This data set reports the three-dimensional (3-D) geometry of a set o...

Monte-Carlo simulations can be used as an evaluation function for Alpha-Beta in games. If w is the width of the search tree, d its depth, and g the number of simulations at each leaf, the total number of simulations is at least g × (2 × w 2 ). In games where moves permute, we propose to replace this algorithm by another algorithm that only needs g × 2 simulations for a similar number of games p...