T he gut microbiota is relevant to many diseases due to its direct impact on the development and maintenance of the immune system. Moreover, both the gut microbiota and the immune system are intimately related to many other physiological processes such as metabolism and behavior, as well as the digestive, respiratory and nervous systems. The amount of information gained in the last 5 years sign...

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasing health problem worldwide and associated with insulin resistance, increased visceral fat mass, cardiovascular problems. Lifestyle factors such as sedentary lifestyle, chronic stress, obesogenic environment well a Western pattern diet are main contributors to the development progression of this disease. In particular, plays pivotal role. ...

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) remains a poorly understood complication in HIV-TB co-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART). The role of the innate immune system in TB-IRIS is becoming increasingly apparent, however the potential involvement in TB-IRIS of a leaky gut and proteins that interfere with TLR stimulation by ...