Learner autonomy (LA) has always been a controversial issue among applied linguists. Several studies have been carried out to investigate the teachers' and learners' perceptions of learner autonomy as well as the feasibility of learner autonomy. Despite the importance of learner autonomy and the existence of several related studies, the challenges in promoting LA in Iranian institutes to the re...

this study attempts to examine the multilingualism in algeria, in other words, the phenomenon of linguistic diversity which characterizes the algerian reality and its relationship. for that matter the article visualizes the linguistic level of learners especially children, highlighting the characteristics of the multiplicity of its causes and manifestations. here, the descriptive methodology is...

Textual information in the world can be broadly categorized into two main types: facts and opinions. Facts are objective expressions about entities, events and their properties. Opinions are usually subjective expressions that describe people’s sentiments, appraisals or feelings toward entities, events and their properties. The concept of opinion is very broad. In this chapter, we only focus on...

Bayesian probability theory is one of the most successful frameworks to model reasoning under uncertainty. Its defining property is the interpretation of probabilities as degrees of belief in propositions about the state of the world relative to an inquiring subject. This essay examines the notion of subjectivity by drawing parallels between Lacanian theory and Bayesian probability theory, and ...

Epistemic modals have long been observed to be ambiguous between a speaker-oriented interpretation (Lyon’s 1977 ‘subjective’ interpretation) and an interpretation that reflects general knowledge (the ‘objective’ interpretation). In recent work, Papafragou (2006) argues that subjectively interpreted epistemics are non-truth conditional, and that this results from them being indexical to the spea...

What makes a predicate subjective? For example, why is it that (bare) predicates of personal taste like tasty, disgusting and fun are subjective according to certain tests (which we will examine in more detail below), but “phenomenological category” predicates like semantic(al), metaphysical and epistemological are not? To a certain extent at least, this question is independent of the question ...

Although research in other languages is increasing, much of the work in subjectivity analysis has been applied to English data, mainly due to the large body of electronic resources and tools that are available for this language. In this paper, we propose and evaluate methods that can be employed to transfer a repository of subjectivity resources across languages. Specifically, we attempt to lev...