The belief that output practice is crucial in L2 learning affects foreign language teaching methodology. And researchers have endeavored to find the best ways to encourage learners to produce and practice whatever they hear as an input in the process of learning. Moreover, learning styles and the importance of matching learners’ styles with those of teachers inspired the researchers to inves...

The phenomenon of how tests influence teaching and learning is commonly described as “wash back” in language instruction.  Literature indicates that wash back effect is a complex concept that becomes even more complicated under different interpretations of the wash back phenomenon in teaching and learning. In the present study, some definitions of wash back and its two major types were introduc...

in the process of english learning, each learner has his/her own attitude towards learning. in this path, s/he should feel free to be responsible for what s/he wants and seeks to learn which shows how autonomous the learner is. this study is based on the hypotheses that there is a relationship between what the learner feels towards english language learning and his/her level of autonomy. for th...