One of the theories accounting for pragmatic development of L2 learners is Vygotsky’s (1978) sociocultural  theory.  This  study  investigated  the  development  of  EFL  learners'  pragmatic competence through the lens of an important concept of Vygotsky’s theory, i.e.  the  zone  of proximal  development.  The  study  was  conducted  to  answer  two  questions.  The  first  question was wheth...

IEEE President-Elect Candidates Respond to Questions on Governance Issues T he IEEE Computer Society has established a reputation for excellence within the computing field. As a component of the IEEE, the Computer Society’s activities parallel those of 44 other societies and councils serving the computing and engineering disciplines. Representing by far the largest IEEE society contingent, the ...

Abstract This study examines the learning patterns of intermediate and advanced Korean learners in acquisition causative expressions according to their proficiency sentence type. We measured grammatical knowledge using three types grammaticality judgment tasks (GJTs) self-paced reading (SPRTs) differing time limit modality. included GJT A' score (RT) for SPRTs’ target spillover regions. The res...

Perceptions of one’s ability to perform a task, or self-efficacy, is one aspect of the multifaceted nature of an individual’s identity. It is generally accepted that having a high perceived self-efficacy about a certain task can lead to positive performance outcomes. Bandura (1977) has suggested that efficacy influences and expectations can come from four sources: personal performance accomplis...

Copyright © 2006 Massachusetts Medical Society. Clinical teachers differ from clinicians in a fundamental way. They must simultaneously foster high-quality patient care and assess the clinical skills and reasoning of learners in order to promote their progress toward independence in the clinical setting.1 Clinical teachers must diagnose both the patient’s clinical problem and the learner’s abil...

Çoktan seçmeli testler açık ve uzaktan öğrenmede öğrenenlerin değerlendirilmesinde yaygın olarak kullanılan objektif ölçme araçlarından biridir. Bunun en önemli nedeni, çoktan testlerin uygulama değerlendirme açısından kullanışlı olmasıdır. Şans başarısı içermesi testlere yöneltilen eleştirilerdendir. testlerde şans başarısını ortadan kaldırmak için çeşitli yöntemler denenmiştir. Bu yöntemlerde...

Existing personalized learning systems (PLSs) have primarily focused on providing learning analytics using data from learners. In this paper, we extend the capability of current PLSs by incorporating data from instructors. We propose a latent factor model that analyzes instructors’ preferences in explicitly excluding particular questions from learners’ assignments in a particular subject domain...

In this article we describe potential contributions of a Models and Modeling Perspective to research focused on learners’ developing conceptions about uncertainty and variation. In particular, we show how a particular class of realistic problem-solving tasks can illuminate how learners develop models to identify, describe, and predict emergent patterns of regularity in the behavior of various t...

Question generation from text is a Natural Language Generation task of vital importance for self-directed learning. Learners have access to learning materials from a wide variety of sources, and these materials are not often accompanied by questions to help guide learning. Prior question generation techniques have focused primarily on generating factoid questions, which are often not the most p...