since hospitals are an important and integral part of the overall health delivery system, this study was carried out to measure the effectiveness of this institution within the system. the records of 633 hospitalized patients in the pediatrics ward of ghaem hospital in mashhad during 1357 (21 march 1978-20 march 1979) has been consulted. more than half of the patients were hospitalized with the...

under the table or informal payments in several middle and low income countries is a serious impediment to health care reform. these payments are effectively a form of systemic corruption. this report shows the efforts of a patient who seek health care for his ankle while being requested to pay under the table in hospital and private clinic. the data were collected by interview and surveying pa...

background in 2004, the health system in iran initiated an organizational reform aiming to increase the autonomy of teaching hospitals and make them more decentralized. the policy led to the formation of a board of trustees in each hospital and significant modifications in hospitals’ financing. since the reform aimed to improve its predecessor policy (implementation of hospital autonomy began i...

conclusions with regard to the current challenges in iran’s health system, using risk-adjusted capitation as a primary healthcare payment system can lead to useful changes in the health system’s features. however, future research should focus on the development of the risk-adjusted capitation model. background when a country’s health system is faced with fundamental flaws that require the redes...

background: mobile health and e-learning may have a significant impact on training patients, physicians, students and caregivers. this study aimed to evaluate the effect of using an educational mobile application on the knowledge of the caregivers of children with cerebral palsy (cp).   methods: we used a previously developed mobile application. the knowledge of 17 caregivers of children with c...

Background There is currently no gold standard for delivery of systems-based practice in medical education, and it is challenging to incorporate into medical education. Health systems competence requires physicians to understand patient care within the broader health care system and is vital to improving the quality of care clinicians provide. We describe a health systems curriculum that utiliz...

background and purpose: in education of medical science courses, there has been a growing orientation towards replacing traditional teaching in with e-learning education. since the modern system of education is based on self-directed learning, e-learning requires special powers to deal with new-emerging challenges and professionally encounter the learning environment. the purpose of the present...

The educational system is designed for some students’ kind of minds (e.g., those with strengths in attention, memory, language, social skills), for others, it is a daily struggle. Unfortunately, the academic setting rarely accounts for this variability. Regardless, at some point in time (for whatever reason), almost all students “hit a wall” (or face a challenge) which can mak...