The legal requirement to use least restrictive interventions in emergency psychiatric treatment does not stipulate whether physical restraints or medication is least restrictive. There is no current consensus about how to determine least restrictive interventions in a generalizable manner. In this study patients who were clients in a public psychiatric emergency service were anonymously surveye...

A selective view of childhood vaccine exemption policy is presented by Opel et al in Pediatrics.1 Their primary premise is that recent attempts to restrict nonmedical vaccine exemptions are scientifically and ethically problematic.1 The authors suggest that rather than working to eliminate all nonmedical exemptions for vaccines, the focus should be on exemptions related to measles, which they s...

forcement of the law while litigation is pending. To be granted a preliminary injunction, the requesting party must show their case is likely to succeed on the merits. Cooke’s order provides a preview into the approach the court will take in analyzing the merits of the case and suggests the law is unlikely to withstand legal challenge. After establishing that the law concerns the First Amendmen...

conclusions the fev1/fev6 ratio can be used as a valid surrogate for fev1/fvc in the diagnosis of airway obstruction, especially for screening purposes in high-risk populations for copd. moreover, fev6 is an acceptable alternative for fvc in detection of restrictive pattern. results this study shows that the current cut-off points used to detect obstruction and restriction can be replaced by fe...