In this paper, we propose a novel method to estimate the slant of omni-directional image sensors which can acquire images of an environment with a FOV close to 360◦×180◦. The proposed method consists of two steps: a low resolution voting followed by a least squares method (LSM). First, the direction of each edge pixel in the omni-directional image is computed and projected to the plane of Z = 1...

INTRODUCTION The use of the average analytical signal for the construction of curves by the least squares method (LSM) over the standard addition method (SAM) is widespread. It would be advantageous, however, to find a way to avoid intermediary averages, which are known to be the cause of significant increases in standard deviations (SD). OBJECTIVE To develop a protocol that uses all gathered...