The aim of the paper is to present results a think-aloud study which investigated how Polish learners EFL coped with unknown words in written text. following aspects inferencing process were explored: strategies and types knowledge sources used by learners, students’ individual patterns strategy use, effectiveness deducing word meanings reasons behind unsuccessful inferences. showed that applie...

This study describes how intermediate-level first language English readers of Russian as a second language deploy lexical inferencing and other strategies when reading informational texts. Fifth-semester students of Russian performed think-alouds while reading two texts; one written for the general adult reader, and the other meant for school-age children. Reader think-alouds were transcribed a...

The present study aimed to examine the role of logical reasoning in the relation between lexical quality and reading comprehension in 146 fourth grade Dutch children. We assessed their standardized reading comprehension measure, along with their decoding efficiency and vocabulary as measures of lexical quality, syllogistic reasoning as measure of (verbal) logical reasoning, and nonverbal reason...

Many natural language understanding tasks require lexicons that can support extensive lexically-based inferencing. To represent lexical semantics, most existing natural language understanding systems utilize Standard First Order Logic (FOL), or a subset of it. We argue that using a representation richer than FOL would facilitate better lexically-based inferencing. Using examples drawn from actu...

Many researchers have used lexical networks and ontologies to mitigate synonymy and polysemy problems in Question Answering (QA), systems coupled with taggers, query classifiers, and answer extractors in complex and ad-hoc ways. We seek to make QA systems reproducible with shared and modest human effort, carefully separating knowledge from algorithms. To this end, we propose an aesthetically “c...