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We present several new results pertaining to haplotyping. These results concern the combinatorial problem of reconstructing haplotypes from incomplete and/or imperfectly sequenced haplotype fragments. We consider the complexity of the problems Minimum Error Correction (MEC) and Longest Haplotype Reconstruction (LHR) for different restrictions on the input data. Specifically, we look at the gapl...

Helicase proteins are known to use the energy of ATP unwind nucleic acids and remodel protein-nucleic acid complexes. They involved in almost every aspect DNA RNA metabolisms participate numerous repair mechanisms that maintain cellular integrity. The archaeal Lhr-type SF2 helicases mostly uncharacterized. have been proposed be act recombination processes Sulfolobales Methanothermobacter. In Th...

BACKGROUND: Malignant neoplasia of the adrenal cortex is usually associated with very poor prognosis. When adrenocortical neoplasms are diagnosed in the early stages, distinction between carcinoma and adenoma can be very difficult to accomplish, since there is yet no reliable marker to predict tumor recurrence or dissemination. GATA transcription factors play an essential role in the developmen...

BACKGROUND TGF-beta is a multifunctional growth factor involved in regulating a variety of cellular activities. Unlike mammals, the function of TGF-beta in the reproduction of lower vertebrates, such as fish, is not clear. Recently, we showed that TGF-beta1 inhibits gonadotropin- and 17alpha, 20beta-dihydroxyprogesterone (DHP)-induced maturation in zebrafish. The aim of the present study was to...

Ad hoc wireless networks are self-organized networks built with wireless terminals, which communicate with each other and exchange the network information. They can also relay data packets for another terminal to construct a wide area multi-hop wireless network. The ad hoc networks need neither a wired backbone network nor a base station. As a result, network installation, expansion and removal...

Abstract Mechanism realists assert the existence of mechanisms as objective structures in world, but their exact metaphysical commitments are unclear. We introduce Local Hierarchy Realism (LHR) a substantive and plausible form mechanism realism. The limits LHR reveal deep tension between two aspects mechanists’ explanatory strategy. Functional decomposition identifies locally relevant entities ...

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BACKGROUND Ovarian epithelial tumor (OET) is a silent disease of late diagnosis and poor prognosis. Currently treatment options are limited and patient response to treatment is difficult to predict so there is a serious need to delineate the real pathogenesis to predict tumour prognosis. Prohibitin (PHB) is an evolutionarily protein that regulates the cell cycle. TGF-β has been shown to be a po...

To study further the role of gonadotropins in reproductive functions, we generated mice with LH receptor (LHR) knockout (LuRKO) by inactivating, through homologous recombination, exon 11 on the LHR gene. LuRKO males and females were born phenotypically normal, with testes, ovaries, and genital structures indistinguishable from their wild-type (WT) littermates. Postnatally, testicular growth and...