OBJECTIVE In human glioma cells, p16 gene transfer induced G1/S arrest, increased radiosensitivity and abnormal nucleation (especially bi- and multinucleation). Survivin suppression caused G2/M arrest, radiosensitization and an increase in aneuploidy accompanied by centrosome amplification. Abnormal nucleation and aneuploidy represent chromosome instability (CIN), and it is well known that cent...

We acknowledge that past researches discuss the strategy of the technology licensing by patentees all assume that technology innovation is exogenous. In this paper, we study on the patentee’s research and development (R&D) and licensing if the patentee is not in production. It is found that under different strategy, the level of R&D is different. And the fixed fee royalty is still the best lice...

OBJECTIVES The objective of the current study was to quantify the effects of the strength of US state graduated driver licensing laws and specific licensing components on the rate of teenage driver fatal crash involvements per 100,000 teenagers during 1996-2007. The strengths of state laws were rated good, fair, marginal, or poor based on a system developed previously by the Insurance Institute...

– from a linguistic perspective – from a formal perspective • Locality of grammatical relations in HPSG 3 HPSG grammars from a linguistic perspective From a linguistic perspective, an HPSG grammar consists of • a lexicon licensing basic words • lexical rules licensing derived words • immediate dominance (id) schemata licensing constituent structure • linear precedence (lp) statements constraini...

In response to environmental stresses, cells activate stress-response genes and inhibit DNA replication. HBO1 histone acetylase is a coactivator both for AP-1 transcription factors responding to stress-activated JNK kinases and also for the Cdt1 licensing factor that ensures that DNA is replicated exactly once per cell cycle. In response to nongenotoxic stress, JNK phosphorylates Jun, an AP-1 t...

Therapeutic Area: Ophthalmology Inflammatory diseases of the ocular surface, including allergic conjunctivitis (AC) Mechanism of action: Anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulator Planned indication: Treatment of signs and symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis Patent protection: License from Zalicus, Patents expire in November 2026 (without patent extension) US: patented EU: patent pending Route of a...

The replication licensing factor (RLF) is an essential initiation factor that is involved in preventing re-replication of chromosomal DNA in a single cell cycle. In Xenopus egg extracts, it can be separated into two components: RLF-M, a complex of MCM/P1 polypeptides, and RLF-B, which is currently unpurified. In this paper we investigate variations in RLF activity throughout the cell cycle. Tot...

During late mitosis and early G1, replication origins are licensed for subsequent replication by loading heterohexamers of the mini-chromosome maintenance proteins (Mcm2-7). To prevent re-replication of DNA, the licensing system is down-regulated at other cell cycle stages. A small protein called geminin plays an important role in this down-regulation by binding and inhibiting the Cdt1 componen...

The patent marketplace has expanded significantly as an increasing number of patents are being filed. In turn, the demand for patent intermediaries is also expected to grow. One channel of patent flow for patentees to realize revenue is patent out-licensing, which involves high risk and uncertainty and a consuming need for coordination. Most patent licensing studies have focused on licensing mo...

This article aims to describe the training and medical licensing system (uieop) for becoming a physician officer (uigwan) during Korea's Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392). In the Goryeo Dynasty, although no license was necessary to provide medical services to the common people, there was a licensing examination to become a physician officer. No other national licensing system for healthcare professiona...