This paper proposes a novel account of derivationally opaque aspect ATR harmony in Eastern Andalusian. Harmony the language is driven by Positional Licensing: [-ATR] originating on final vowels must spread to stressed vowel. Intervening post-tonic optionally also harmonize, as do pretonic vowels. Typically licensing-driven systems, if unable reach licensor, does not affect non-licensing positio...

Markman and Stilwell (2001) argued that many natural categories name roles in relational systems, and so they are role-governed categories. This view predicts instantiating a novel relational structure licenses the creation of novel role-governed categories. This paper supports this claim and helps to specify the mechanisms underlying this licensing. Event-related potentials were recorded while...

We study whether licensing agreements can help firms to cut through the patent thicket and to prevent hold-up problems. Using a data set covering the semiconductor industry between 1989 and 1999, descriptive results reveal a puzzling picture: while the number of patents more than doubled over the time period, the number of licensing agreements followed an inverse U-shape. This relationship is s...

Dual licensing has proved to be a sustainable business model for various commercial software vendors employing open source strategies. In this paper we study the main characteristics of dual licensing and under which conditions it represents a profitable commercial strategy. We show that dual licensing is a form of versioning, whereby the software vendor uses the open source licensing terms in ...

Sociologists and organizational theorists have long claimed that the processes of knowledge creation and distribution are fundamentally social. Following in this tradition, we explore the effect of institutional prestige on university technology licensing. Empirically, we examine the influence of university prestige on the annual rate of technology licensing by 102 universities from 1991 to 199...