We report the first observation of Upsilon(2S)-->etaUpsilon(1S), with a branching fraction B=(2.1(-0.6)+0.7(stat)+/-0.3(syst)) x 10(-4) and a statistical significance 5.3sigma. Data were acquired with the CLEO III detector at the CESR e+e(-) symmetric collider. This is the first process observed involving a b-quark spin flip. For related transitions, 90% confidence limits in units of 10(-4) are...

BCG vaccination has been routinely offered to infant Asian children in Birmingham since 1965. We conducted a case-control study to assess the protective effect of this scheme. Altogether 108 Asian children aged under 13 years, born since 1965, received treatment for tuberculosis. For each case four controls were selected; they were matched to the case by month and year of birth, sex, and ethnic...

In 1994 we repeated a study first performed in 1989 to assess the change in general practitioners' use of and attitudes to peak flow measurement. Of 232 general practitioners surveyed, 199 (86%) and 192 (83%) responded in 1989 and 1994 respectively. The percentage who reported having patients using domiciliary peak flow monitoring rose form 58.3 (95% confidence limits 51.4 to 65.2)% to 97.9 (95...

Wedevelop analytical andnumerical conditions to determinewhether limit cycle oscillations synchronize in diffusively coupled systems. We examine two classes of systems: reaction–diffusion PDEs with Neumann boundary conditions, and compartmental ODEs, where compartments are interconnected through diffusion terms with adjacent compartments. In both cases the uncoupled dynamics are governed by a n...

where g1(x) = εg11(x)+ε g12(x)+ε g13(x), g2(x) = εg21(x) + ε g22(x) + ε g23(x) and f(x) = εf1(x) + εf2(x) + ε f3(x) where g1i, g2i, f2i have degree k, m and n respectively for each i = 1, 2, 3, and ε is a small parameter. Note that when g1(x) = 0 we obtain the generalized Liénard polynomial differential systems. We provide an upper bound of the maximum number of limit cycles that the previous d...

We illustrate the thesis that if time did not exist, we would have to create it if space is noncommutative, and extend functions by something like Schroedinger’s equation. We propose that the phenomenon is a somewhat general mechanism within noncommutative geometry for ‘sponteneous time generation’. We show in detail how this works for the su2 algebra [xi, xj ] = 2ıλǫijxk as noncommutative spac...

Using a recursive approach, we obtain a simple exact expression for the L-distance from the limit in the classical limit theorem of Régnier (1989) for the number of key comparisons required by QuickSort. A previous study by Fill and Janson (2002) using a similar approach found that the d2-distance is of order between n−1 logn and n−1/2, and another by Neininger and Ruschendorf (2002) found that...

Results are given for aggregating a system of nonnegative integer equations of the form Xj = bj, je N, to yield a single equivalent equation whose coefficients correspond to those of the best previously known result for the special case b, = 1, jc,V. Different aggregations are obtained for different permutations of the indexes jEIV, according to the sizes of the b, values, and we also identify ...

An exact probabilities method is proposed for computing the confidence limits of medical binomial parameters obtained based on the 2x2 contingency table. The developed algorithm was described and assessed for the difference between two binomial proportions (a bidimensional parameter). The behavior of the proposed method was analyzed and compared to four previously defined methods: Wald and Wils...

We have fabricated NbSe3 structures with widths comparable to the Fukuyama-Lee-Rice phase-coherence length. For samples already in the two-dimensional pinning limit, we observe a crossover from twodimensional to one-dimensional collective pinning when the crystal width is less than 1.6 mm, corresponding to the phase-coherence length in this direction. Our results show that surface pinning is ne...