We discuss learning latent annotations for synchronous context-free grammars (SCFG) for the purpose of improving machine translation. We show that learning annotations for nonterminals results in not only more accurate translation, but also faster SCFG decoding.

Background and aims: Poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon that can be defined in both economic and social terms. The paper attempts to review the existing evidence to understand the relation between poverty and ill health in the context of the limited conceptual and operational definitions of these terms. The paper uses two of Hills criteria- reversibility and dose response relationship to ...

In this note it is proved that so called one-sided context-sensitive grammars can generate languages which cannot be generated by any context-free grammar. This fact is not quite new. It has been proved in [3], [4] and [5] (as far as the author knows). In [3] it is proved that a special one-sided context-sensitive grammar suggested by Dr. Fris ([1]) generates a language {a m b'"c"; Hn^ m} which...

hospitals’ bed productivity has a remarkable effect on health system performance. the pabon lasso model (plm) is a useful tool for evaluation of inpatient beds performance and there is a growing trend in use of this technique in hospital performance evaluation. the aim of this study is to review the literature on plm to gain insight into quality the results of these studies. by adopting a syste...

Since the enactment of the Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance in 1971 and the establishment of Antiquities and Monuments Office in 1976, the Hong Kong Government has set up several institutions with particular ordinances and schemes for Heritage Conservation. With the set-up of government initiatives, yet the protection of physical and cultural heritage is still limited due to the ambiguity of...

Initiation, Response, and Feedback(IRF) sequences are the most frequent interaction network in any classroom contexts. IRF sequences have been examined profusely in previous studies and were reported to be negatively correlated with participation opportunities (Kasper, 2006; Cazden, 2001; Ellis, 1994).In all these studies, all contingent factors of any classroom context which might influence in...

According to unevenly epidemiologic studies on health outcomes in Iran, some adverse outcomes such as poisoning especially in children less noticed. We were interested to write some childhood poisoning factsheets to provide easy to understand information on pitfalls and challenges around epidemiologic measures, etiology and prevention in this context. Valid evidences about childhood poisoning i...

Alternative medicine in Bangladesh context means Unani/Ayurvedic and Homeopathic medicine. Government recognizes and patronizes allopathic (modern and western) medicine. This system through Government Institutions viz. hospitals and health care centres can offer services to only about 30% people. The other two systems (Unani/Ayurvedic and Homeopathic) can serve 50-60% people. Limited health man...

Audiovisual devices such as satellite and conventional televisions can offer easy access to authentic programs which are considered to be a rich source of language input for SLA (Second Language Acquisition). The immediacy of various audiovisual programs ensures that language learners’ exposure is up-to-date and embedded in the real world of native speakers. In the same line, in the present pap...