Abstract Ever since the publication of Kripke’s Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language, there’s been a raging debate in philosophy language over whether meaning thought are, some sense, normative. Most participants normativity wars seem to agree that uses meaningful expressions are semantically correct while disagreeing this entails anything But what is it say use an expression correct? On ...

BACKGROUND It has been suggested that cortical neural systems for language evolved from motor cortical systems, in particular from those fronto-parietal systems responding also to action observation. While previous studies have shown shared cortical systems for action--or action observation--and language, they did not address the question of whether linguistic processing of visual stimuli occur...

This paper describes, within the context of the DARPA EARS program, the design and implementation of the Fisher protocol for collecting conversational telephone speech which has yielded more than 16,000 English conversations. It also discusses the Quick Transcription specification that allowed 2000 hours of Fisher audio to be transcribed in less than one year. Fisher data is already in use with...

Inter-annotator consistency is a concern for any corpus building effort relying on human annotation. Adjudication is as effective way to locate and correct discrepancies of various kinds. It can also be both difficult and time-consuming. This paper introduces Linguistic Data Consortium (LDC)’s model for decision point-based annotation and adjudication, and describes the annotation tools develop...

This paper proposes a method to automatically classify texts from different varieties of the same language. We show that similarity measure is a robust tool for studying comparable corpora of language variations. We take LDC’s Chinese Gigaword Corpus composed of three varieties of Chinese from Mainland China, Singapore, and Taiwan, as the comparable corpora. Top-bag-of-word similarity measures ...

There is an increasing interest in multimodal communication as suggested by several national and international projects (ISLE, HUMAINE, SIMILAR, CHIL, AMI, CALO, VACE, CALLAS), the attention devoted to the topic by well-known institutions and organizations (the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Linguistic Data Consortium), and the success of conferences related to multimodal c...

For its first birthday, the LIC2M has participated to the Small Multilingual Track of CLEF 2003. Our system is based on a deep linguistic analysis of documents and queries and on an original search algorithm inherited from the Spirit (EMIR) system. With a partially developed system, we obtained average results that will serve as a baseline for us in our future participations to IR evaluations.

We are fascinated by the significant but understudied analytic issue of when different linguistic systems (particularly morphosyntactic features) should be recognized in a given language. In the most straightforward instances we can see that two systems are orthogonal (logically independent of each other), and so each should be postulated in an adequate analysis. Thus traditional accounts of la...

This research note reports on the work in progress which regards automatic transformation of phrase-structure syntactic trees of Arabic into dependency-driven analytical ones. Guidelines for these descriptions have been developed at the Linguistic Data Consortium, University of Pennsylvania, and at the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics and the Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague, res...