The amount of wood residue is used as a measurement of the extent of wood liquefaction. Characterization of the residue from wood liquefaction provides a new approach to understand some fundamental aspects of the liquefaction reaction. Residues were characterized by wet chemical analyses, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (...

Liquefaction of human semen involves proteolytic degradation of the seminal coagulum and release of motile spermatozoa. Several members of human kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) have been implicated in semen liquefaction, functioning through highly regulated proteolytic cascades. Among these, KLK3 (also known as prostate-specific antigen) is the main executor enzyme responsible for processi...

The wood biomass was liquefied by the pressurized hydrothermal method. The wood biomass powder in the different particle size, which was pulverized by a vibration mill, cutter mill and grinder, was used for the liquefaction. The liquefaction material was biomass slurry, which was prepared by mixing the wood biomass powder and water together (1:9). After filling the biomass slurry in a pressure ...

Third Graders’ Misconceptions about Evaporation and Liquefaction Phenomena A. Badriyaan, Ph.D. Concepts of evaporation and liquefaction are of significance in both daily life and the school curriculum, yet misconceptions about these two phenomena are frequent. To assess the extent of such misconceptions among third graders, a cluster sample of 132 of them from four schools i...

Previous case histories have shown that soil liquefaction severely damaged many structures supported on pile foundations during earthquakes. As a result, evaluating the potential for instability is an important consideration for the safe and resistant design of deep foundation against earthquakes. In this study, the liquefaction susceptibility of saturated sand interacting by single concrete pi...

This paper presents prediction of liquefaction potential of soils by neuro-fuzzy models evaluated using Idriss and Boulanger method. In order to address the collective knowledge built up in conventional liquefaction method, an alternative Takagi-Sugeno-Kang reliant neuro-fuzzy model has been developed. Neuro-fuzzy is one of the artificial intelligence approaches that can be classified by machin...

Liquefaction is one of the most intriguing aspects of human tuberculosis. It is a major cause of the transition from the infection to active disease (tuberculosis, TB) as well as the transmission of M. tuberculosis to other persons. This paper reviews the natural history of liquefaction in humans from a pathological and radiological point of view and discusses how the experimental models availa...

To further clarify reasons for formation of condensed residues during the last stage of wood liquefaction in the medium of polyhydric alcohols and sulfuric acid catalyst, the weight loss behaviors and thermal reaction kinetics of condensed residues were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Simultaneously, chemical methods were used to analyze the contents of lignin, cellulose, and holoc...

An empirical, energy-based methodology for liquefaction hazard assessment and microzonation mapping is presented. The approach is probabilistic, considers the uncertainty in the liquefaction criterion, and is applicable to most earthquake-induced liquefaction analyses. The examples illustrated are for water-saturated sands at level ground. The energy of ground shaking is estimated from the Four...

A predictive framework for flow liquefaction instabilities in sands is presented. A general criterion for liquefaction, based purely on the laws of physics, is presented and adapted to the important case of radial loading (e.g. triaxial, simple shear) using the Cambridge p9–q plane. Three important contributions are made in the paper. First, the instability concept is unified, and it is shown t...