We investigate the pricing discount for limited liquidity. Unlike previous studies that have examined the relation between historical returns and liquidity, ours looks directly at current stock prices. This approach requires less data and yields up-todate information about limited liquidity discounts. We analyze data from the Swiss exchange and the Nasdaq during 1995–2001, and find a statistica...

This paper examines the optimal design of capital and liquidity regulations under fire sale externalities. The lack of complementary liquidity ratio requirements harms the purpose of capital adequacy requirements by yielding not only inefficiently low risky investment but also more severe financial crises. When capital is regulated but liquidity is not, banks still keep liquid assets for micro-...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: C1 C11 E5 F3 Keywords: Foreign exchange reserves Liquidity management Gamma process In order to cope with daily foreign currency exchange payments or trades and avoid liquidity crisis, central banks need to maintain the liquidity of foreign exchange reserves. In this paper, we develop a Foreign Exchange Reserves Liquidity Management (FERLM) model based ...

The current macroeconomic context of low aggregate demand and interest rates is worsened by the attempts to reduce debts, public and private, and a shift toward liquidity. This paper shows, in a model of equilibrium, that when private agents want to accumulate more liquidity, which is fixed in the aggregate, the fall of total employment generates a higher private demand for liquidity which is s...

Liquidity constitutes one of the main determinants of implicit transaction costs. Deriving optimal execution strategies that minimize transaction costs, automated trading engines need to forecast future liquidity levels. By means of an empirical study we provide evidence that the publication of regulatory corporate disclosures is followed by abnormal liquidity levels. As we do not find abnormal...

This paper presents a dynamic portfolio choice model to analyze the liquidity premium necessary to compensate an investor for the adverse price impact of trading. By calibrating the model to empirically reasonable parameter values, we generate a plausible liquidity premium. Specifically, the premium is an increasing, concave function of price impact. It increases with the investor’s initial wea...

Stock Liquidity and Corporate Cash Holdings: Feedback and the Cash as Ammunition Hypothesis We advance the feedback/cash as ammunition hypothesis, namely that firms hold cash to address feedback from stock prices to cash flows and growth opportunities. Firms with more liquid stocks are expected to hold more cash, the opposite of the prediction from a standard information asymmetry perspective o...

We present a new measure of liquidity known as “latent liquidity” and apply it to a unique corporate bond database. Latent liquidity is defined as the weighted average turnover of investors who hold a bond, where the weights are the fractional investor holdings. It can be used to measure liquidity in markets with sparse transactions data. For bonds that trade frequently, our measure has predict...

It is commonly believed that the Fed’s ability to control the federal funds rate stems from its ability to alter the supply of liquidity in the overnight market through open market operations. This paper uses daily data compiled by the author from the records of the Trading Desk of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York over the period March 1, 1984, through December 31, 1996: He analyzes the Des...

In a market with short term agents and heterogeneous information, when liquidity trading displays persistence, prices reflect average expectations about fundamentals and liquidity trading. Informed investors exploit a private learning channel to infer the demand of liquidity traders from the order flow to anticipate the evolution of the future aggregate demand for the stock. This yields multipl...