OBJECTIVE To understand the changes of femoral cartilage in response to treadmill running with different intensities in the hope of differentiating "moderate" and "strenuous" running in a rat model. METHOD A total of 24 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into groups of sedentary (SED), low-intensity running (LIR), medium-intensity running (MIR), and high-intensity running (HIR). Rats in ...

Semiotics is widely applied in theories of information. Following the original triadic characterization of reality by Peirce, the linguistic processes involved in information—production, transmission, reception, and understanding—would all appear to be interpretable in terms of signs and their relations to their objects. Perhaps the most important of these relations is that of the representatio...

Through the canonical LC3 interaction motif (LIR), [W/F/Y]-X1-X2-[I/L/V], protein complexes are recruited to autophagosomes to perform their functions as either autophagy adaptors or receptors. How these adaptors/receptors selectively interact with either LC3 or GABARAP families remains unclear. Herein, we determine the range of selectivity of 30 known core LIR motifs towards individual LC3s an...

Bow-shaped stationary gravity waves (mountain waves) have been observed in Venusian cloud images taken by the cameras onboard Akatsuki spacecraft. The are most pronounced thermal infrared Longwave Infrared Camera (LIR), and shown to appear at longitudes where high mountains exist. To better characterize mountain atmosphere, we applied a new analysis method LIR data. By averaging multiple sequen...

Obesity is associated with insulin resistance, particularly when body fat has a central distribution. However, insulin resistance also frequently occurs in apparently lean individuals. It has been proposed that these lean insulin-resistant individuals have greater amounts of body fat than lean insulin-sensitive subjects. Alternatively, their body fat distribution may be different. Obesity is as...

HST NICMOS observations of a sample of 24 luminous (LIGs: LIR[8− 1000μm] = 10L⊙) and ultraluminous (ULIGs: LIR ∼10 L⊙) infrared galaxies are presented. The observations provide, for the first time, high resolution HST imaging of the imbedded 1.1 2.2 μm nuclear regions of these mergers. All but one of the ULIGs are observed to have at least one compact (50-200 pc) nucleus, and more than half con...

We review recent studies in our laboratory that have investigated the neural mechanisms underlying photic entrainment of the mammalian circadian system. The results from studies of extracellular single-unit recordings and of photic induction of Fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos-lir) indicate that excitatory amino acid (EAA) transmission, and particularly activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMD...

This article introduces a new tri-parameter law of corresponding states from the known regularities, namely the LIR and Zeno line for dense fluids (when Tz=Tc). Two of these parameters are the Zeno line parameters and the third parameter (the fluid parameter), has been obtained from the LIR, this parameter is solely dependent upon the fluid characteristics. The third parameter ca...

We present the spectral energy distribution (SED) between 10 and 200 μm obtained for the prototype narrowline X-ray galaxy NGC 7582 with ISOPHOT, the photometer on board the Infrared Space Observatory. The emission is spatially extended and we separated for the first time the nuclear and extranuclear infrared SEDs. The nuclear luminosity (LIR ∼ 4.5 × 1010 L ) is dominated by cold (T ∼ 32 K) dus...

The 2nd International Conference on the Philosophy of Information (ICPI 2015) took place in Vienna June 5–6, 2015 as a major Section of the Vienna 2015 Summit Conference on the Response and Responsibility of the Information Sciences. At the ICPI, Wu Kun and others presented evidence for a current integration and convergence of the philosophy and science of information, under the influence of th...