Urban public spaces, both natural and built, contribute to the liveability of urban spaces. Evidence shows that spaces can improve physical psychological wellbeing through providing cultural ecosystem services (CES), but there is a lack evidence from Low Middle Income Countries (LMIC). Recognising pressures are under in rapidly changing cities Global South, it critical research done strengthen ...

Parental schooling is widely thought to improve child outcomes. But most studies on parental-child relations are associative, without control for estimation problems, such as unobserved intergenerationally-correlated endowments, if causality of interest. The few exceptions relatively recent that focus high-income countries (HICs), with their much different contexts than the low- and middle-inco...

Properly functioning health systems are vital for prevention and control of NCDs (7, 8, 17), and for improving health outcomes in general. In developed countries, launching NCDspecific responses within health systems have contributed considerably to declining NCD trends (17). Such a response is also urgently needed in LMIC to curb the steadily rising NCD epidemic. It is also part of the solutio...

Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers have a high incidence worldwide coexist in many geographical areas, especially low-middle-income countries (LMIC) South Southeast Asia. There is extensive consensus on the urgent need for better affordable vaccines against systemic Salmonella infections.

Abstract The objective was to establish how stakeholders in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) conceptualize child mental health impact. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 from disadvantaged urban communities Kenya, South Africa, Turkey Brazil. Participants represented education, welfare care agencies; as well community religious groups. Data analysed through a thematic appr...

a major constraint to the application of any form of knowledge and principles is the awareness, understanding and acceptance of the knowledge and principles. systems thinking (st) is a way of understanding and thinking about the nature of  health systems and how to make and implement decisions within health systems to maximize desired and minimize undesired effects. a major constraint to applyi...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Stroke accounts for more than 10% of all deaths globally and most of it occurs in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Income inequality and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita has been associated to stroke mortality in developed countries. In LMIC, GDP per capita is considered to be a more relevant health determinant than income inequality. This study aims to inv...