The aim of this chapter is to estimate a confidence interval for nodal hourly power consumption where it is not measured. The nonparametric bootstrap method developed in the previous chapter is used to carry out this calculation. Once every value of hourly power consumption is known at each node, either by the value measured or by the confidence interval calculated, load flow studies can be exe...

During the last decade power system have been equipped with complex components such as Distribution Static Var Compensators (D-SVCs). These components have introduced new possibilities to control power systems, D-SVCs can almost continuously change the amount of reactive power from capacitor banks. The behavior of these new components is different from 'old' technologies since they contain powe...

Cluster based packet capturing is a way of overcoming the speed of a slow disk to tap a high-speed network. Most cluster-based architectures, however, do not consider load balancing as an important issue. In order to perform monitoring at full line speed without losing packets, we accept that the balance among back-end servers must be maintained. Conventional methods rely on fixed or random rou...

A new approach for distributed power load flow calculation using nonlinear equations is presented. This new approach, which is similar to the Newton Raphson’s simple method, uses an inverse Jacobian matrix of initial states for the iteration process. Moreover, nonlinear quadratic equations have been used as they are more appropriate for the distributed power load flow calculation. This paper de...

In order to enhance multicast communication, it is important to investigate effects of network coding which can be a typical application of active network. In this paper, we study the feasibility of network coding based multicast architecture from performance aspect. We first show that the network coding based multicast has not only high transmission capacity with the max-flow, which is an orig...

A novel intelligent neural optimizer with two objective functions is designed for electrical distribution systems. The presented method is faster than alternative optimization methods and is comparable with the most powerful and precise ones. This optimizer is much smaller than similar neural systems. In this work, two intelligent estimators are designed, a load flow program is coded, and a spe...

Optimization is an important tool for the operation of energy system. Multi-carrier systems (MESs) have recently become more important. Load flow (LF) equations are used within optimization to determine if physical network limits violated. Due nonlinearities, solvability OF problem and convergence algorithms influenced by how LF included in optimal (OF) problem. In addition, scaling greatly inf...

Power flow analysis is the backbone of power system analysis and design. They are necessary for planning, operation, economic scheduling and exchange of power between utilities. Power flow analysis is required for many other analyses such as transient stability, optimal power flow and contingency studies. The principal information of power flow analysis is to find the magnitude and phase angle ...