In this paper, a new method is conducted for incorporating the forecasted load uncertainty into the Substation Expansion Planning (SEP) problem. This method is based on the fuzzy clustering, where the location and value of each forecasted load center is modeled by employing the probability density function according to the percentage of uncertainty. After discretization of these functions, the ...

The significant penetration rate of wind turbines in power systems made some challenges in the operation of the systems such as large-scale power fluctuations induced by wind farms. Gas-fired plants with fast starting ability and high ramping can better handle natural uncertainties of wind power compared to other traditional plants. Therefore, the integration of electrical and natural gas syste...

The California generation fleet manages the existing variability and uncertainty in the demand for electric power (load). When wind power is added, the dispatchable generators manage the variability and uncertainty of the net load (load minus wind power). The variability and uncertainty of the load and the net load are compared when 8790MW of wind power are added to the California power system,...

1. Abstract Conventional wind turbine blades have been designed using fatigue life predictions based on a fixed wind load distribution that does not fully capture uncertainty of the wind load. This could result in early fatigue failure of blades and eventually increase the maintenance cost of wind turbines. To produce reliable as well as economical wind turbine blades, this paper studies reliab...

Jiang, Yan, M.S.A.B.E., Purdue University, December 2013. Estimation of Watershed Nitrate Loads on Drained Agricultural Lands. Major Professor: Jane R. Frankenberger. Estimation of nutrient load is critical for many applications in water quality management; however, infrequent data monitoring and measurement error could raise considerable uncertainty in the load estimations. The objectives of t...

Domestic waste water treatment using Onsite Sewage Treatment and Disposal Systems (OSTDS) (also known as septic systems) is a source of nitrogen contamination in groundwater and surface water. Estimating nutrient load from septic systems as a storm water source to surface water bodies is important to reduce nutrient load in support of Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) programs. Software packages ...

By continuing to use fossil fuels we are bound to pollute the atmosphere, and consequently, unwanted greenhouse and climate change effects will come to dominate every part of the earth. Wind power energy represents an interesting alternative to traditional forms of obtaining energy. However, the efficiency of wind power strongly depends on the control methods that play a significant role in eli...

most of the analyses and modeling concerning the mountain physical and human environmental changes have been based on theoretical speculation rather than scientific field observations. lack of standard observations and measurements in scattered and case specific monitoring programs offer only partially useful results for planning and management. all propositions and conclusions are hence mingle...