introduction today exploiting the participation and the abilities of local people, particularly rural population, toward rural development has been considered as one of the effective strategies toward sustainable and comprehensive development of rural areas. the most important tool to achieve this goal is establishing ngos based on the needs as well as abilities of different groups living in th...

introduction the review of roles and functions of local management show that rural managers have played a significant role and been responsible on the physical development of villages over the time. despite legal supports for playing a role in local management and any intervention for rural development and the physical expansion of rural settlements, such a role and its impacts on rural develop...