We sampled across most of the Old World distribution of donkeys (see Table S1). Samples were collected only from small and remote countryside villages taking great care to sample unrelated individuals. From domestic asses, skin biopsies were collected and stored in 95% ethanol before DNA extraction. Fresh feces of three Equus africanus africanus were collected in Sudan from two different wild h...

Previous studies have shown that the pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase (POR) of the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio africanus is a homodimer that contains one thiamine pyrophosphate and three [4Fe-4S]2+/1+ centers/subunit. Interestingly, the enzyme isolated from a strictly anaerobic bacterium is highly stable in the presence of oxygen, in contrast to the other PORs characterized in an...

Summary Specimens of a thin longidorid species collected in Peñalba (Huesca), north-west Spain, were previously described as Paralongidorus iberis . However, we conclude, through scanning electron microscopy and molecular studies on population from about 15 km the type locality paratype specimens, that this was originally placed wrong genus. Both populations have pore-like amphidial apertures, ...

Molecular phylogeny of the nematode genus Longidorus (Nematoda: Longidoridae) with description of three new species Carlos Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, Carolina Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, Miguel Montes-Borrego, Juan E. Palomares-Rius & Pablo Castillo* Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Apdo. 4084, 14080 Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroal...

Desulfovibrio africanus ferredoxin III is a monomeric protein (molecular mass of 6585 Da) that contains one [3Fe-4S]1+/0 and one [4Fe-4S]2+/1+ cluster when isolated aerobically. The amino acid sequence consists of 61 amino acids, including seven cysteine residues that are all involved in co-ordination to the clusters. In order to isolate larger quantities of D. africanus ferredoxin III, we have...

This article discusses the traces of two Early Modern Arab figures dramatized in The Moor’s Account (2014) by Laila Lalami and Leo Africanus (1992) Amin Maalouf. Marginality, nomadism, humanism are lives Mustafa Al-Zammouri/Estebanico a black from Zammour taken as slave sold to Spanish conquistador who joined Narváez Expedition Africanus/Alhassan Alwazzan was captured pirates sent gift Pope X (...

The transmission of two strains of raspberry ringspot virus (RRV) by small numbers of nematodes was compared. A strain of RRV from Scotland (RRV-S), originally found in the field associated with Longidorus elongatus, was transmitted frequently by L. elongatus but only once by L. macrosoma. A strain from England (RRV-E) associated with L. macrosoma in the field was transmitted infrequently by ea...

The effect of fallow on Longidorus americanus, a nematode associated with stunting of loblolly pine seedlings in Georgia, USA Stephen W. FRAEDRICH 1,∗, Michelle M. CRAM 2 and Stanley J. ZARNOCH 3 1 USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 320 Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA 2 USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, 320 Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA 3 USDA Forest Service,...