The government organizations grant incentives to promote green product consumption, improve green product quality, boost remanufacturing activities, etc. through various policies. The objective of this study is to highlight pros and cons of two incentive policies, namely (1) incentive on manufacturer’s R&D investment and (2) direct incentive to consumer based on greening level of the product on...

This paper investigates the effect of reward-penalty mechanism in a closed-loop supply chain with manufacturer, distributor and third party under technology licensing carbon constraints. There remanufacturing scenarios are developed, namely (1) manufacturer is engaged activities, (2) subcontracts to conduct remanufacturing, (3) undertakes manufacturer's authorization. We apply Stackelberg game ...

Remanufacturing has been widely adopted in the industrial sector due to carbon emission constraints and economic benefits. This paper discusses a closed-loop supply chain composed of an original equipment manufacturer (OEM), authorized remanufacturer (AR), that is licensed by OEM carry out remanufacturing activities presence strategic consumers under cap-and-trade regulations. We establish Stac...

In this paper, greening, pricing, and advertising policies in a supply chain will be examined with government intervention. The supply chain has two members. First, a manufacturer seeking to determine the wholesale price and the greening level and second, a retailer that has to determine the advertising cost and the retail price. The government is trying to encourage the manufacturer to green t...

A rich mixture of government incentives and fees to encourage the collection of used products and the subsequent remanufacturing has been increasingly utilized both domestically and internationally. In this paper, toward a fuller understanding of such government participation in closed-loop supply chains (CLSC’s), we construct and analyze a series of game-theoretic CLSC models with remanufactur...

green supply chain management is an environmental approach in supply chain management that aims to decrease ecological risks in products’ life cycle. closed-loop supply chain by collecting and recycling the harmful production in nature attempts to achieve this goal. in this paper, due to different strategies in collecting products, several pricing models in two-echelon closed supply chain are p...

In today complex worldwide supply chains, intermediary organizations like Contract manufacturers and GPOs are mostly used. Well-known OEMs delegate their purchasing and procuring to these intermediaries. Because of their positive influence on supply chain efficiency, it is very important to investigate the role of intermediaries in today competitive supply chains. One important question arising...

Collecting and remanufacturing worn-out products provide significant financial advantages. In this research, we examine how ball gate valves, which are important pieces of equipment in the oil gas industry, could improve profitability closed-loop supply chain. regard, four different scenarios for collecting processes considered: (1) manufacturer collects product from consumers remanufactures th...

we model a real-world case problem as a price competition model between two leader-follower supply chains that each of them consists of one manufacturer and one retailer. t he manufacturer produces partially differentiated products and sells to market through his retailer. the retailer sells the products of manufacturer to market by adding some values to the product and gains margin as a fracti...

remanufacturing is an industrial process that makes used products reusable. remanufacturing is a way to establish a closed-loop supply chain. one of the important aspects in both reverse logistics and remanufacturing is pricing of returned and remanufactured products (called cores) that it has been noticed in this paper. in addition, in this paper the researchers have tried to present a mathema...