DNA tile self-assembly has emerged as a rich and promising primitive for nano-technology. This paper studies the problems of minimizing assembly time and error rate by changing the tile concentrations because changing the tile concentrations is easy to implement in actual lab experiments. We prove that setting the concentration of tile Ti proportional to the square root of Ni where Ni is the nu...

I N A PREVIOUS PAPER,’ the author reported n a blood sample ( Co) found to be AB, but containing anti-B in the serum. Tile A antigen in tile blood cells was normal when assessed on tile basis of tile reaction of the blood cells ill anti-A sera, whereas tile B cilaracter was weaker than normal and atypical. A study of the family failed to reveal whether tile atypical, weak B-like character was i...

The ever-increasing number of electric vehicles (EV) on the road promotes the idea of sustainable transportation by reducing CO2 emissions. This inherently means there is a growing need for charging stations as well. A potential solution to address the need for charging stations is to transform traditional parking lots into smart parking lots, in a sense that smart parking lots provide not only...

A Wang tile [12] is a unit square with each edge colored from a finite set of colors Σ. A set S of Wang tiles is said to tile a planar grid Z if copies of tiles from S can be placed, one at each grid position, such that abutting edges of adjacent tiles have the same color. Multiple copies of any tile may be used, with no restriction on the number. If we allow the tiles to be rotated or reflecte...

Land application of municipal biosolids (sewage) is a common farming practice in many parts of the world. There is potential for transport of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from agricultural fields to adjacent surface waters via tile drainage systems. In this study, liquid municipal biosolids (LMB) (total solids=11,933 mg L(-1)), supplemented with selected PPCPs and the fluo...

The CERES-Maize model was developed to investigate how variations in environmental conditions, management decisions, and genetics interact to a€ect crop development and growth. A tile drainage subroutine was incorporated into CERES-Maize to improve soil-water and nitrogen leaching under subsurface tile drainage conditions. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the soil-water, soil-nitrogen, ...

We consider the problem of finding, for a given 2D pattern of coloured tiles, a minimal set of tile types self-assembling to this pattern in the abstract Tile Assembly Model of Winfree (1998). This Patterned self-Assembly Tile set Synthesis (PATS) problem was first introduced by Ma and Lombardi (2008), and subsequently studied by Göös and Orponen (2011), who presented an exhaustive partition-se...

It is shown that the (infinite) tiling problem byWang tiles is undecidable even if the given tile set is deterministic by all four corners, i.e. a tile is uniquely determined by the colors of any two adjacent edges. The reduction is done from the Turing machine halting problem and uses the aperiodic tile set of Kari and Papasoglu. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.