BACKGROUND Colorectal adenoma develops into cancer with the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes. We studied the underlying molecular and clinicopathological features to better understand the heterogeneity of colorectal neoplasms (CRNs). METHODS We evaluated both genetic (mutations of KRAS, BRAF, TP53, and PIK3CA, and microsatellite instability [MSI]) and epigenetic (methylation sta...

The solar radiation model SRAD was applied to a Mediterranean mountainous environment in southern California for estimating land surface temperature (LST). The simulated SRAD LST results were compared with highand meso-resolution satellite-based LST data at daily, monthly and annual temporal scales to identify potential ways of improving the LST accuracy in either the SRAD or satellite-based ap...

[1] Scales of temporal and spatial variability of clear‐sky land surface temperature (LST) in middle latitudes are empirically evaluated using data from satellite and land surface observations. We consider separately the time‐dependent expected value, its spatial variations, weather‐related temporal and spatial anomalies, and errors of LST observation. Seasonal and diurnal cycles in the time‐de...

Relational complexity (RC) theory conceptualizes an individual’s processing capacity and a task’s complexity along a common ordinal metric. The authors describe the development of the Latin Square Task (LST) that assesses the influence of RC on reasoning. The LST minimizes the role of knowledge and storage capacity and thus refines the identification of a processing-capacity-related complexity ...

A preliminary comparison between the Land Surface Temperature (LST) product generated by the LSA SAF and ground measurements carried out in an extensive, flat, unstressed, fully-covering rice field site showed an LST error larger than ±2K. Since then, several issues have been investigated with the aim of reducing error sources in the retrieval of LST from MSG-SEVIRI in Eastern Spain: a) a metho...

Land Surface Temperature (LST) is a key parameter in climate systems. The methods for retrieving LST from hyperspectral thermal infrared data either require accurate atmospheric profile data or require thousands of continuous channels. We aim to retrieve LST for natural land surfaces from hyperspectral thermal infrared data using an adapted multi-channel method taking Land Surface Emissivity (L...

In this study, we retrieved the land surface temperature (LST) of Guangzhou on Jan 14, 2013 from HJ-1B satellite data. The retrieval was based on the characteristics of HJ-1B thermal infrared band and revised QK&B algorithm was adopted. The established partial differential equation showed that emissivity error of 0.01 resulted in LST error of around 0.6 K. The LST error was inversely proportion...

The seasonality of the 21st century trends in tropical lower stratospheric temperature (LST) is examined in simulations by a group of comprehensive chemistry-climate models. In contrast to the past LST trends, there is robust seasonal dependence among ensembles of the same model. Furthermore, most models show strongest cooling around July–September and minimal cooling in February–March, which r...

Air temperature (Tair) near the ground surface is a fundamental descriptor of terrestrial environment conditions and one of the most widely used climatic variables in global change studies. The main objective of this study was to explore the possibility of retrieving high-resolution Tair from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature (LST) products, cove...

Land surface temperature (LST) and emissivity are important components of land surface modeling and applications. The only practical means of obtaining LST at spatial and temporal resolutions appropriate for most modeling applications is through remote sensing. While the popular split-window method has been widely used to estimate LST, it requires known emissivity values. Multispectral thermal ...