The phase shift between oscillations of blood pressure (BP) and Doppler middle cerebral artery flow velocity (MCAFV) reflects continuous cerebral autoregulatory action. It is not known whether a similar phase shift exists for cortical hemodynamics ('microvascular level') assessed by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and what the effects are of pathological conditions. This study investigates th...

In this paper, a macro-level scheduling method is developed to provide high-level planning support for factories with multiple coordinating cells. The key challenges are large problem sizes, complicated product process plans, stringent cell coordination requirements, and possible resource overload. To model the problem with manageable complexity, detailed operations of a product within a cell a...

This study is a work in progress that sets out to measure the readiness for e-commerce of an aggressively developing economy in East Africa – Ethiopia – a nation that has a significant historical and geo-political status at the horn in order for it to be able to compete in the global information economy. The paper initially embarks on explaining the distinction among the fundamental concepts of...

* This research was supported in part by DARPA under contract number F336125-95-C1627, SRC under contract number 94-DJ-559, and by a grant from Toshiba. Abstract— This paper introduces the notion of cycle-accurate macro-models for RT-level power evaluation. These macromodels provide us with the capability to estimate the circuit power dissipation cycle by cycle at RT-level without the need to i...

This tutorial gives an overview about mathematical modeling methods for complex and self-organizing systems. Modeling can be used for the analysis and optimization of existing systems and for the design and engineering of new systems. In this tutorial we classify modeling methods into macro-level modeling and micro-level modeling. By using a micro-level model, the behaviors of all entities of t...

Despite a general, if often provisional, acceptance of quantum indeterminacy, and a now orthodox physicalism on which macroscopic states are held to depend in some sense on microscopic states, many philosophers of mind and of science continue to work under the assumption that macro states, such as brain states, evolve deterministically from prior macro states. Frequently this presumption is imp...

The semantics of the times macro is given in [2] only for the case when the body of the macro is parahalting. We remedy this by defining a new times macro instruction in terms of while (see [9, 13]). The semantics of the new times macro is given in a way analogous to the semantics of while macros. The new times uses an anonymous variable to control the number of its executions. We present two e...

This paper explores how companies and other stakeholders could assess the macro-level enabling potential of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), in other words, the ability of ICT to reduce the negative sustainability impact of other industry sectors at a society level, and identifies some important considerations for such assessments including impact trends, addressable emissions,...