Individual interactions between partners are recognized today as playing a central role in the evolution of cooperative inter-organizational relationships. Most theoretical treatments of interactions have been made at a macro-level, with reference to constructs such as trust, outcome expectations, process and outcome discrepancies, communication. Relationships are analysed at the level of organ...

To predict the effects of governmental control policies regarding transportation, macro-level simulation is often used. However, macro-level simulation cannot capture the decision making of individual actors involved in a transport chain. In this paper we discuss how a micro-level simulator, called TAPAS (Transportation And Production Agent-based Simulator), which is based on agent technology c...

We are most grateful for the comments made by Earl (2014) on our paper, Frey and Gallus (2014). In particular, we are pleased that we can fully agree on the fundamental point we wanted to make: decisions by individuals (as well as by organizational units) do not map directly and in an unchanged way to the macro level. Rather, the aggregation process linking the microand the macro-level must be ...

This essay reports part of the results of a questionnaire investigating 74 college students’ self-evaluation of their writing behaviors and beliefs on the macro discourse level. Then it moves on to analyze the statistics obtained about students’ macro-level writing behaviors and beliefs in terms of making an outline, writing a thesis, providing topic sentences and making conclusions and the pur...

Higher levels of women's alcohol consumption have long been attributed to increases in gender equality. However, only limited research examines the relationship between gender equality and alcohol consumption. This study examined associations between five measures of state-level gender equality and five alcohol consumption measures in the United States. Survey data regarding men's and women's a...

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Aging successfully entails good physical and cognitive health, as well as ongoing participation in social and productive activity. This study hones in on participation in productive activity, a factor that makes an important contribution to successful aging. One conceptual model of productive activity in later life specifies the antecedents and consequences of productivity....

Coral reef status was surveyed in three south Pacific coral reefs of Costa Rica, one in Caño Island and two in Golfo Dulce, and the density, richness and distribution of non-colonial macro borers (> 1 mm) was determined in dead and live coral fragments from these reefs. Based upon traditional indicators of degradation such as high particulate suspended matter and low live coral cover, the reefs...