security has two dimensions of subjective (security feeling) and objective. there are preconditions for security feeling in society that one of the preconditions, the existence of security in the society. these levels are linked together and the interaction between these two levels of objective and subjective that security in the society is achieved.therefore, in this article we have tried to e...

This paper proposes an alternative approach to the examination of artifacts whose contents must be traceable to promote software quality. The approach places emphasis on media use and media transformations. We suggest that one cannot begin to assign and sustain traceability relations at a micro-level between units of content if the sign systems that have been created and transformed to represen...

This paper analyzes the similarity measurement in Content-based Image and Video Retrieval systems (CBIR). The goal is to identify preliminaries for successful queries as the basis for the implementation of a query engine in the Content-based Visual Information Retrieval framework (VizIR). VizIR is an open CBIR framework for researchers, software developers and instructors. Past efforts in CBIR ...

Causal interactions within complex systems can be analyzed at multiple spatial and temporal scales. For example, the brain can be analyzed at the level of neurons, neuronal groups, and areas, over tens, hundreds, or thousands of milliseconds. It is widely assumed that, once a micro level is fixed, macro levels are fixed too, a relation called supervenience. It is also assumed that, although mac...

Prior studies document that delayed loan loss provisions can worsen financial stability by triggering a capital inadequacy concern. We extend prior literature and investigate how the treatment of charge-offs (LCOs) in statements is tied to macro-level risk U.S. banking industry. hypothesize find nondiscretionary LCOs are positively linked banks’ future systemic risk, whereas discretionary negat...