Abstract Accumulating data have highlighted the role of monocytes/macrophages in immune escape by generating immunologically “cold” tumors that do not respond to immunotherapy. CD244 (SLAMF4, 2B4), a member signaling lymphocyte activation molecule family, is expressed on myeloid cells, but its precise has been elucidated. Using monocyte lineage-specific CD244-deficient micechallenged with B16F1...

Background: Macrophage immune responses are affected by the secretory proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). This study aimed to examine the immune responses of macrophages to Mtb secretory antigens, namely ESAT-6, CFP-10, and ESAT-6/CFP-10.Methods: THP-1 cells (a human monocytic cell line) were cultured and differentiated to macrophages by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. The cytotoxici...

Many species of tea (Camellia sinensis) and cowslip (Echium amoenum) are used in Iranian traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to conduct the survey on the ability of Iranian black tea and cowslip extracts on secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) by non-infected and infected mouse macrophages. A macrophage infection model with Legionella pneumophila and enzyme linked im...

Background: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease originated from species of the genus Leishmania from the Trypanosomatidae family, with three main clinical forms of cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral. Every year, many new cases of the disease are reported in endemic areas. Nowadays, in non-endemic regions, the incidence of the disease has also created tension. Medicine side effects, reports ...

Th1 lymphocytes produce cytokines such as IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, TNF-β and GM-CSF. IFN-γ is the most important Th1 cell cytokine that induces the production of IgG, activation of macrophages, enhancing phagocytosis, and also increasing MHC class I and class II molecules. Increasing serum level of Th1 cytokines have also been observed in MS patients. It has also been prov...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is physical damage to the brain structure which has a high global rate of mortality and morbidity. TBI can cause intense inflammatory response due to accumulation of leukocytes in cerebral matrix and activation of microglia. Microglia can differentiate into M1 macrophages or M2 macrophages following the changes in biochemical properties of brain tissue. M1 sub type ...

Increasing evidence shows that the physical properties of biomaterials play an important role in regulating cell behavior and function, especially mechanical biomaterials. Macrophages can also be multidirectionally regulated by factors microenvironment, which simultaneously mediate response triggered foreign body reactions (FBR). However, how stiffness regulates macrophages underlying mechanism...

results the results obtained for each drug were compared with other drugs and also with the results of the control groups. the results related to promastigote and amastigote assays showed that when the dose of both drugs increased, the parasite number is reduced in comparison with the control groups. moreover, the parasitic burden in the test cultures decreased significantly. macrophage assay r...

Xanthogranulomatous epididymitis is a rare benign process with destruction of tissue and replacement by cellular infiltration foamy macrophages, dense lymphocytes plasma cells. Literature has very few case reports. We reported here 72 years old male who presented as scrotal abscess bilateral hydrocele on ultrasound. On exploration he had normal right testis localized to epididymis underwent epi...