The explanation of the observed galactic magnetic fields may require the existence of a primordial magnetic field. Such a field may arise during the early cosmological phase transitions, or because of other particle physics related phenomena in the very early universe reviewed here. The turbulent evolution of the initial, randomly fluctuating microscopic field to a large-scale macroscopic field...

We discuss the evolution of cosmological magnetic fields from the early universe to the present. We review different scenarios for magnetogenesis in the early universe and follow the subsequent evolution of these fields as the universe recombines. We then focus on the role primordial fields play after recombination in the seeding of stellar and galactic fields and the formation of structure. Co...

We discuss the dynamical role of magnetic fields in GRB explosions in the framework of the fireball and electromagnetic models. We contrast the observational predictions of the two models and argue that only the very early afterglow observations, almost coincident with the prompt phase, can be used as decisive tests of the ejecta content.

Large scale magnetic fields represent a triple point where cosmology, highenergy physics and astrophysics meet for different but related purposes. After reviewing the implications of large scale magnetic fields in these different areas, the rôle of primordial magnetic fields is discussed in various physical processes occurring prior to the decoupling epoch with particular attention to the big b...

MRI workers are occupationally exposed to static and time-varying gradient magnetic fields.  While the 24-hour time-averaged exposure to static magnetic fields is about a few mT, the maximum static field strength can be as high as 500 mT during patient setup. Over the past several years, our laboratory has performed extensive experiments on the health effects of exposure of animal models and h...

California Electric and Magnetic Fields Program A Project of the California Department of Health Services and the Public Health Institute INTRODUCTION Our daily use of electricity is taken for granted, yet scientific and public concern has arisen about possible health effects from electric and magnetic fields (EMF) that are created by the use of electricity. Because of this concern, the Califor...

Liposome vesicles tend to align with an applied magnetic field. This is due to the directional magnetic susceptibility difference of the lipids which form the membrane of these vesicles. In this work a model of liposome vesicles exposed to magnetic field is presented. Starting from the base energy of a lipid membrane in a magnetic field, the force applied to the surrounding fluids is derived. T...

Magnetic fields are observed not only in stars, but in galaxies, clusters, and even high redshift Lyman-α systems. In principle, these fields could play an important role in structure formation and also affect the anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB). The study of cosmological magnetic fields aims not only to quantify these effects on large-scale structure and the CMB...

Disk galaxies, of which the Milky Way is a typical example, possess large scale magnetic fields. The interstellar gas in which the fields reside is removed and replaced on a timescale of about 1/10 of the age of the Galaxy, and the new gas must acquire a magnetic field of the correct strength and direction on this timescale in order to maintain a steady state. The outstanding problem facing all...

Electricity is used substantially and sources of electric and magnetic fields are, unavoidably, everywhere. The transportation system is a source of these fields, to which a large proportion of the population is exposed. Hence, investigation of the effects of long-term exposure of the general public to low-frequency electromagnetic fields caused by the transportation system is critically import...