Over the past two decades, the classical understanding of steroid action has been updated to include rapid, membrane-initiated, neurotransmitter-like functions. While steroids were known to function on very short time spans to induce physiological and behavioral changes, the mechanisms by which these changes occur are now becoming more clear. In avian systems, rapid estradiol effects can be med...

There has been extensive research in the recent past looking into the molecular basis and mechanisms of the biological clock, situated in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus. Neurotransmitters are a very important component of SCN function. Thorough knowledge of neurotransmitters is not only essential for the understanding of the clock but also for the successful manip...

The harmful effects of the environmental carcinogen, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), on mammalian neurodevelopment and behavior as yet remain unclear. Several studies have suggested that B[a]P impairs learning and memory. In the present investigation, we investigated the effects of subchronic exposure to B[a]P on rats. Male rats received daily injection of B[a]P (0, 1.0, 2.5, and 6.25 mg/kg, i.p.) or v...

after alzheimer's disease, parkinson's disease is the most common nerve-damaging disease. parkinson's is a progressive and chronic disease where cells secrete dopamine-cut black flesh and in the absence of dopamine in the brain destroyed the irregular body movements. man eats the food that causes the formation of the neurotransmitters. tthree neurotransmitters: dopamine, serotoni...

simultaneous exposure of highly-used chemical and physical agents are expected to happen in many occupations. in the present study the impact of simultaneous exposure to noise and formaldehyde on oxidative stress in blood and liver tissue of rat was investigated. animal study was conducted in the school of public health, shahid beheshti university of medical scineces, tehran, iran in 2013. a to...

The aim of study was to assay serum copper, zinc and lipid peroxidation levels in pregnant women with and without preeclampsia. There were significant differences between systolic, diastolic blood pressures and copper, Cu/Zn ratio and malondialdehyde among two groups. There were significant differences in weight, pre-pregnancy body mass index, systolic, diastolic blood pressures and copper, Cu/...

Detection of neurotransmitters is an analytical challenge and essential to understand neuronal networks in the brain and associated diseases. However, most methods do not provide sufficient spatial, temporal, or chemical resolution. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been used as building blocks for sensors/probes that detect catecholamine neurotransmit...

Glycation and lipid peroxidation are spontaneous reactions believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome. Possible interrelations of glycated hemoglobin with reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde were evaluated in nephrotic syndrome patients. Eighteen nephrotic syndrome patients and 15 healthy controls were enrolled for this study. Glycated hemoglobin, reduced glutathione, ...

background : methamphetamine (ma) is an illegal amphetamine-like which stimulate the central nervous system. in recent years, ma has been widely abused worldwide. previous studies have suggested that oxidative stress (os) plays an important role in ma-induced toxicity. from this view, antioxidant therapy could be considered as a potential drug therapy in ma abusers. therefore, the objective of ...

background: cancer has the highest disease-related mortality rate in iran. reduced activity of paraoxonase reported in patients with cancer may be due to a reduction in its antioxidant properties and a subsequent increased risk of developing cancer. we aimed to assess antioxidant and oxidative status in patients with cancer through measuring the activity of pon1 as an antioxidant enzyme and det...