This paper focuses on the role that mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play in drug-induced kidney injury. The MAPKs, of which there are four major classes (ERK, p38, JNK, and ERK5/BMK), are signalling cascades which have been found to be broadly conserved across a wide variety of organisms. MAPKs allow effective transmission of information from the cell surface to the cytosolic or nucle...

The members of the p38 subfamily of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) are a versatile group of proteins, that function as signal transducers involved in key cellular functions. Initially, p38 MAPKs were associated with inflammatory and cellular stress responses and, as such, p38 has been an important target for anti-inflammatory therapies. Recently, increasing evidence has directly impl...

Within the signalling network of mammalian cells, MAPK-activated protein kinases (MAPKAPKs) have been identified downstream to various MAPKs, such as the classical MAPKs, ERK1/2, the stress-activated p38 MAPKs and the atypical MAPKs ERK3/4/5. Here, the current understanding of the specificity of MAPK to MAPKAPK signalling, the underlying mechanisms of protein-protein-interaction and the effects...

Significance Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) function in all eukaryotes signaling extracellular stimuli to intracellular responses and ultimately link them chromatin events by targeting transcription factors remodeling complexes. In plants, MAPKs play crucial roles immunity, development, stress responses, but so far no attempts have been made identify phosphorylation of chromatin-asso...

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common congenital malformations. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway is involved in many physiological processes. HMGB1 has been showed closely associated with neurulation and NTDs induced by hyperthermia and could activate MAPKs pathway. Since hyperthermia caused increased activation of MAPKs in many systems, the present study aims to investigate wh...

BACKGROUND Anthracyclines-induced cardiotoxicity has become one of the major restrictions of their clinical applications. Klotho showed cardioprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of klotho on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats and isolated myocytes were exposed to DOX and treated with exogenous klotho. Specific ...

The descending pain modulatory system is thought to undergo plastic changes following peripheral tissue injury and exerts bidirectional (facilitatory and inhibitory) influence on spinal nociceptive transmission. The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) superfamily consists of four main members: the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase1/2 (ERK1/2), the c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK...

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) activate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), essential components of plant defense signaling. Salicylic acid (SA) is also central to plant resistance responses, but its specific role in regulation of MAPK activation is not completely defined. We have investigated the role of SA in PAMP-triggered MAPKs pathways in Arabidopsis SA-related mutan...

Using conscious rabbits, we examined the effect of ischemic preconditioning (PC) on p44 and p42 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). We found that both isoforms contribute significantly to total MAPK activity in the heart (in-gel kinase assay: p44, 59 ± 1%; p42, 41 ± 1%). Ischemic PC (6 cycles of 4-min occlusion/4-min reperfusion) elicited a pronounced increase in total cellular MAPK acti...

Azoles are one of the most widely used drugs to treat fungal infections. To further understand response azoles, we analyzed MAPK circuitry model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that operates under treatment with these antifungals. Imidazoles, and particularly clotrimazole, trigger deeper changes in phosphorylation than triazoles, involving a reduction signaling through mating pathway activation ...