The effect of dietary factors on asthma is controversial. This study examined food consumption and the use of fats in relation to wheezing and allergic rhinitis in children. Baseline questionnaire data on individual and family characteristics were recorded by parents of 5,257 children aged 6-7 yrs living in central Italy participating in the International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Childh...

Up to the 19th-century, fat was relatively expensive and butter was a luxury. The poor lived mainly on potatoes and bread, which were cheap, supplemented whenever possible with whatever source of protein and fat they could afford. Not surprisingly, mortality was high amongst the poorer classes. To fill the gap in the market cheap substitutes for butter began to be produced in the last quarter o...

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the quality of morning nutrition of children in primary school, related to the residence environment and the family educational level. We included in our study 220 children in the age group 8-10, studying in urban and rural schools. They answered a 24-itemed questionnaire regarding their morning nutrition. Nutrition state, health state and school perform...

The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between the flow rate of saliva and characteristics of the food. Therefore, we determined the rate of saliva secretion in 16 healthy subjects in rest and while chewing natural and artificial foods (toast with and without margarine, three sizes of breakfast cake, and Parafilm). We also determined the chewing rate, number of chewing c...

This article focuses on authoritative and representative texts by doctors on female bodies in sport and physical education from 1890 until 1950. These sources do not tell us directly about the actual practice of these professionals, but they do illuminate dominant gendered ideas and ideologies. These works focused on females’ bodies’ lack of ability—a deficit in relation to the “original” male ...