This report reevaluates PROGRESA’s targeting methods since the program began adding beneficiary households through a process called “densification.” The authors first evaluate PROGRESA’s accuracy in targeting both at the community and household levels. Second, they evaluate the targeting in terms of its impact on poverty alleviation relative to other feasible methods assuming the same total bud...

German noch ('still') is a focus particle which is commonly said to have four readings, a temporal reading, a marginality reading, an additive reading and a comparative reading, cf. (1)-(4). The temporal reading has been investigated in depth focusing on the duality of noch/still and schon/already (cf. Löbner 1989, König 1991, Krifka 2000). The marginality reading is considered as derived from ...

Abstract The “marginality principle” for linear regression models states that when a higher order term is included, its constituent terms must also be included. target article relies on this principle the fixed-effects part of mixed ANOVA designs and considers implication if extended to combined fixed-and-random-effects models, model selection tests specific some are not possible. We review bas...

This paper examines the case of Niue, a small raised atoll with a population of under 1500 that is self-governing in free association with New Zealand. Its marginality in terms of physical and economic isolation, small size and harsh environment is pronounced. However, it has survived with relatively high living standards and a range of livelihood options for its population. The paper assesses ...

today, most of the big cities or metropolises around the world have been encountering with the problem of informal habitation. the present study, thus, tries to focus on the role of endogenous development in such type of habitation process. for that matter, the paper takes into account architectural programming and urbanism as its theoretical framework because the endogenous development is rela...

The Maschler–Owen consistent value for non-transferable utility games is axiomatized, by means of a marginality axiom. JEL Classification: C7, D7

In his article "Representing Postmodern Marginality in Three Documentary Films" Robert LeBlanc traces the emergence of new epistemologies of documentary film experience within the cases of three recent films that explore the subject's experience of marginality as central to its constitution as subject. These films -by Marlon Riggs, Chad Friedrichs, and Jessica Yu -explore the crises of self-rep...