Organotin compounds have been found different application in industries, agricultures and pharmacological sciences via their various physical and biological specifications. One of the most important applications of these compounds, especially tributyltin TBT is in marine antifouling paints and coatings. Concern about the accumulation of tributyltin compounds on fish and shellfish and the advers...

bivalves are the second largest class of moluscs that have been abundantly successful in different habitats of marine and fresh water, from the cold circumpolar seas to tropical waters and from shallow shores to abyssal depths. molecular phylogenetic comparative studies can help in tracing the historical evolution of the gene alive and evaluate them. in this research species of pearl wing oyste...

T state of the global oceans is rapidly deteriorating, with dire consequences for marine species (Jackson et al. 2001). Historically,most conservation efforts have focused on terrestrial systems, but it is becoming increasingly apparent that conservation efforts are urgently required for the oceans as well (Myers et al. 1997, Casey and Myers 1998). Recently, significant attention has been given...

The studies on marine copepods of Costa Rica started in the 1990's and focused on the largest coastal-estuarine systems in the country, particularly along the Pacific coast. Diversity is widely variable among these systems: 40 species have been recorded in the Culebra Bay influenced by upwelling, northern Pacific coast, only 12 in the Gulf of Nicoya estuarine system, and 38 in Golfo Dulce, an a...

No one had great expectations about the outcome of discussions on climate change at the recent G8 summit of the world's wealthiest nations in Scotland, and the modest resulting statement did little to reassure researchers that the topic is being taken as seriously as many feel it demands. " At the heart of the communique is a disappointing failure by the leaders of the G8 unequivocally to recog...

Abstract: Marine macro-algae are very important biological indicators of the ecological status of the marine environment because they are first to react to the pollution entering the sea including nutrients which determine the trophy of the ambient of the environment. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the present trophic level and the health status of the sampling stations according to the E...

The proteolytic activities of the digestive tract of three carnivorous fish species (Sebastes mentella, Scophthalmus maximus, Sparus aurata) have been studied. The activity found in the stomach showed a pH optimum of 2.0 for all species, whereas this was in the alkaline range (9.5-10.0) in the intestinal extracts. Similar optimal temperature was measured for all species, although higher residua...

Marine mammals are impacted by many anthropogenic activities and mitigating these impacts requires knowledge about the geographic occurrence of threats. Here, we systematically reviewed, categorized and georeferenced information from>1780 publications about threats affecting 121 marine mammal species worldwide between 1991 and 2016. We created risk maps by assigning threat to countries where th...

A total of 98 marine mammal records from Iranian coastal waters of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman were compiled of which 66 are previously unpublished new records.  Seventy-nine were from the Persian Gulf and 16 from the Gulf of Oman coast.  The largest numbers of records were from Qeshm Island and Bushehr Provinces. Records of finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides), Indo-pacific humpba...