BACKGROUND Previous studies investigating the effect of cigar or pipe smoking on the occurrence of chronic cough and chronic phlegm have reported prevalences among cigar and pipe smokers lying between those of non-smokers and current cigarette smokers. This study uses data on previous cigarette consumption, current cigar or pipe consumption, and biochemical markers of smoking to provide a detai...

An automated algorithm based on the dynamic hydrological and hydraulic simulation modules in Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was developed to aid the design of storm sewer networks, provided that a layout is given. Numerical performance of the proposed algorithm was compared with the existing design methods with two application cases. The automated computation process of the sewer network d...

The tendon stress in bonded prestressed concrete (BPC) beams is section-dependent while it member-dependent unbonded (UPC) beams, leading to marked difference between these two structural systems. However, little work has addressed the bond effect of steel tendons. This research presents comparative investigations BPC and UPC with various prestress levels. A numerical model experimentally valid...

Planning and design of coastal protection works like floating pipe breakwater require information about the performance characteristics of the structure in reducing the wave energy. Several researchers have carried out analytical and numerical studies on floating breakwaters in the past but failed to give a simple mathematical model to predict the wave transmission through floating breakwaters ...

This study presents a design method to fabricate a novel hybrid-structure flat plate heat pipe (NHSP heat pipe) for a concentrator photovoltaic. The NHSP heat pipe is composed of a flattened copper pipe and a sintered wick structure, and a coronary-stent-like rhombic copper mesh supports the structure. The coronary-stent-like supporting structure enhances the mechanical strength and shortens th...

Rehabilitation of a watermain by grouted sliplining is usually carried out when the existing pipe is only partially deteriorated. Although designs that neglect the structural contributions from the existing pipe and the grout are generally conservative, the performance of the rehabilitated pipe needs to be better understood for effective design and management of buried water pipes. Presented in...

Pipe vibration is often excited in the deep ocean by ship motions, wave forces and vortex shedding. Elastic joints along the pipe are modeled in an attempt to move the resonance frequencies away from the pipe system. The numerical examples focus on the investigation of single and multiple elastic joints along a long pipe and their effect on three-dimensional (3-D) nonlinear coupled pipe respons...

Diameter pipe.robot, called the Multifunctional Robot for IN-pipe inSPECTion. In-pipe robots, which have a long history of development in robotics, can be.This paper describes a mobile feeder pipe inspection robot that can minimize the irradiation dose to human workers by automating the measurement process.Recently, many pipe inspection robot systems have been developed. Initially, development ...

Lifeline structures such as hospital buildings need to be specifically designed that they experience reduced vibrations when subjected earthquake excitations because it will difficult vacate under the event of any earthquake. Therefore, ensure operational condition in an existing building, present study utilizes flexible unbonded fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators (UFREIs) for its seismic i...