Marine organism are often kept, cultured, and experimented on in running seawater aquaria. However, surprisingly little attention is given to the nutrient composition of the water flowing through these systems, which is generally assumed to equal in situ conditions, but may change due to the presence of biofouling organisms. Significantly lower bacterial abundances and higher inorganic nitrogen...

the complete 3d nonlinear dynamic problem of extensible, flexible risers conveying fluid is considered. for describing the dynamics of the system, the newtonian derivation procedure is followed. the velocity field inside the pipe formulated using hydrostatic and bernoulli equations. the hydrodynamic effects of external fluids are taken into consideration through the nonlinear drag forces in var...

Selecting appropriate bonding technique is crucial for strengthening and repairing concrete structures as different bonding techniques have different performances. A state-of–the-art review of different bonding techniques that is epoxy bonding technique, prestressed strengthening technique, unbonded anchored technique/mechanically fastened technique using CFRP is dealt and the corresponding adv...

Abstract—A large variety of pipe flange is required in marine and construction industry. Pipe flanges are usually welded or screwed to the pipe end and are connected with bolts. This approach is very simple and widely used for a long time; however, it results in high development cost and low productivity, and the productions made by this approach usually have safety problem at the welding area....

This paper proposed a novel spatial-motion-constraints virtual fixtures (VFs) method for the human-machine interface collaborative technique. In our method, two 3D flexible VFs have been presented: warning pipe and safe pipe. And a potential-collision-detection method based on two flexible VFs has been proposed. The safe pipe constructs the safe workspace dynamically for the robot, which makes ...