Introduction: Spacecraft accumulate large position and velocity errors during the atmospheric entry phase of a planetary mission due to atmospheric uncertainties and limited control authority. The powered descent phase, which is the last phase of Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL), is when the lander makes a controlled maneuver to correct for these errors. This maneuver must be computed onboard ...

INTRODUCTION Cytokines are believed to play an important role in acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). Extracorporeal liver support systems may exert beneficial effects in ACLF via removal of cytokines. At present, two systems are commercially available, the Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS) and Fractionated Plasma Separation, Adsorption and Dialysis (Prometheus). The aim of this...

Introduction: Much of the Martian surface is obscured by dust. The bright and ubiquitous nature of this dust makes remote sensing spectral analysis of the underlying surface materials difficult or impossible. As a result, the composition and mineralogy of the substrate materials in large areas of Mars have yet to be characterized in detail. Still, even in the dustiest regions of Mars, small hol...

This report presents the results of a limited evaluation of the block cipher MARS. No important weaknesses or flaws were found on MARS. The round function of MARS looks simple but is relatively complex to analyse because of the different natures of the involved components. MARS is an iterated cipher which runs in 32 rounds, but the rounds are not of the same type, which is somewhat unusual. The...

A genetic algorithm is used together with calculus of variations to optimize an interplanetary trajectory for the Bryson-Ho Earth-to-Mars orbit transfer problem. The global search properties of genetic algorithm combine with the local search capabilities of calculus of variations to produce solutions that are superior to those generated with the calculus of variations alone, and these solutions...

Long-term rainfall prediction is a challenging task especially in the modern world where we are facing the major environmental problem of global warming. In general, climate and rainfall are highly non-linear phenomena in nature exhibiting what is known as the "butterfly effect". While some regions of the world are noticing a systematic decrease in annual rainfall, others notice increases in fl...

AIM The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the molecular absorbent recirculating system (MARS) on patients with acute liver failure (ALF) and liver failure with cirrhosis (AoCLF) as well as in cholestatic patients with intractable pruritus in a Mexican population. MATERIAL AND METHODS From August 2003 to December 2011, MARS was used in 38 patients with ALF, 15 patients with AoCLF,...

Matrix attachment regions (MARs) can be operationally defined as DNA fragments that bind to the nuclear matrix. We have created a library of randomly obtained MARs from tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum) by cloning DNA fragments that co-isolate with nuclear matrixes prepared by a method involving lithium diiodosalicylate. The interactions of several of the cloned MARs with nuclear matrixes were tested...

[1] The objectives of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) Radio Science Gravity Investigation are to improve knowledge of the static structure and characterize the temporal variability of the Martian gravitational field relevant to the planet’s internal dynamics, the structure and dynamics of the atmosphere, and the orbital evolution of spacecraft at Mars. The investigation will utilize range...