IMPORTANCE Neonates born to overweight or obese women are larger and at higher risk of birth complications. Many maternal obesity-related traits are observationally associated with birth weight, but the causal nature of these associations is uncertain. OBJECTIVE To test for genetic evidence of causal associations of maternal body mass index (BMI) and related traits with birth weight. DESIGN...

The effect of fasting on spawning performance, maternal, and egg nutrient composition, embryo/larval development was monitored in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Two broodstocks were fasted during two consecutive years, for a period 43 54 days within the season, preliminary (year 1, 5-year-old breeders) main study 2, 6-year-old breeders), respectively. Mean daily fecundity showed declining t...

Background Although risk factors for abnormal birth weight has been extensively investigated, whether the physiological range of glucose tolerance affects birth weight in non-diabetic mothers needs to be verified by further research. Objectives To assess the effect of maternal sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric and anthropometric measurements, fasting and 2-hour blood glucose levels on...

RESULTS—The 24-h glucose area under the curve was higher in obese women than in normalweight women both early and late in pregnancy despite controlled diets. Nearly all fasting and postprandial glycemic parameters were higher in the obese women later in pregnancy, as were fasting insulin, triglycerides, and FFAs. Infants born to obese mothers had greater adiposity. Maternal BMI (r = 0.55, P = 0...

31 In adults, the adrenal glands are essential for the metabolic response to stress but little is known 32 about their role in fetal metabolism. This study examined the effects of adrenalectomizing fetal 33 sheep on glucose and oxygen metabolism in utero in fed conditions and after maternal fasting for 34 48h near term. Fetal adrenalectomy (AX) had little effect on the rates of glucose and oxyg...

introduction: there is a great deal of controversy regarding the effect of gestational magnesium (mg) deficiency on fetal growth and the incidence of low birth weight (lbw) in infants. therefore, this study aimed to delineate the possible relationship between maternal mg level and infant lbw. methods: this case-control study was conducted on 180 mothers in shiraz, iran. fasting blood samples we...

Fasting is associated with a series of physiological responses that protect body tissues from degradation by efficiently using expendable energy reserves while sparing protein. Lactation requires the mobilization of maternal nutrients for milk synthesis. The rare life history trait of fasting simultaneous with lactation results in the conflicting demands of provisioning offspring while meeting ...

Maternal metabolites and metabolic networks underlying associations between maternal glucose during pregnancy and newborn birth weight and adiposity demand fuller characterization. We performed targeted and nontargeted gas chromatography/mass spectrometry metabolomics on maternal serum collected at fasting and 1 h following glucose beverage consumption during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGT...

OBJECTIVE Neonatal adiposity is a well-recognized complication of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study aimed to identify factors influencing adiposity in male and female infants of women treated for GDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a prospective study of 84 women with GDM. Daily blood glucose levels (BGLs) were retrieved from glucose meters, and overall mean fasting and me...