Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with a still undefined etiology. Several lines of evidence are consistent with the possible involvement of peculiar microenvironmental stimuli sustaining tumor cell growth and survival, as the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLR) 4 and 9. However, little is known about the contribution of other TLRs of pathogenic relev...

Targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway has emerged as a potent anticancer strategy. Bortezomib, a specific proteasome inhibitor, has been approved for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma cell survival is highly dependent on Mcl-1 antiapoptotic molecules. In a recent study, proteasome inhibitors induced Mcl-1 accumulation that slowed down their proapopt...

PROBLEM/CONDITION The places in which persons live, work, and play can contribute to the development of adverse health outcomes. Understanding the differences in risk factors in various environments can help to explain differences in the occurrence of these outcomes and can be used to develop public health programs, interventions, and policies. Efforts to characterize urban and rural difference...

Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) is a highly expressed anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein in cancer. Therefore, inhibition of its expression induces apoptosis in cancer cells and enhances sensitivity to cancer treatment. The aims of this study were to evaluate whether Mcl-1 affects the oncogenic behaviors of colorectal cancer cells, and to document the relationship of its expression with various clini...

The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is the most commonly injured knee ligament.1-3 The mechanism of injury is typically a contact valgus load on the lateral side of the knee with the foot planted; however, noncontact external rotation valgus injuries are also common. Medial collateral ligament failure can occur alone or in combination with cruciate and meniscal injury. Fetto and Marshall4 foun...

1,2,3-trichloropropane (TCP) is a toxic, man-made chemical used widely in agricultural and other contexts from the 1940s to 1980s. TCP has settled into groundwater supplies nearly everywhere it was used. In 2009, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) included on Third Contaminant Candidate list (CCL3) listed safe oral reference dose (RfD) for at 0.004 milligrams per kilogram day. Since then, we...

BACKGROUND Mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL) is genetically characterized by the translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32) leading to an overexpression of cyclin-D1, but additional chromosomal abnormalities appear to be required for MCL pathogenesis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Deletions involving chromosome 11q, which were recently found as recurrent aberrations in MCL, were analyzed at the molecular level in a ser...

Neutrophils detect bacterial constituents, including bacterial DNA (CpG DNA), which elicits innate immunity and prolongs the functional life span of neutrophils through suppression of apoptosis. Both the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 and activation of NF-κB have been implicated in neutrophil survival, but there is no evidence that these are linked in neutrophils. We hypothesized that CpG DNA cou...

Concerns have recently been raised about the presence of metals in apple juices. As such, the concentration of aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), and zinc (Zn) were measured in six commercially available brands of apple juice and three organic brands. The concentrations of total As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, and Zn in all nine a...

chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (cll) is the most common b-cell malignancy in the western world and exists as subtypes with very different clinical courses. myeloid cell leukemia 1 (mcl-1) is one member of bcl-2 family proteins that has been shown to be expressed in various tissues and malignant cells, including cll, where its expression is significantly associated with a failure to achieve compl...