introduction: the brain renin-angiotensin system (ras) has been reported having a pathological role in age-related impairment in learning and memory. therefore, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (acei) are expected to have positive effects on memory. longtime treatment with captopril (an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor) significantly attenuates the age-related impairment in learn...

We examined the effects of long-term adrenalectomy (ADX) on hippocampal anatomy and behavioral learning in two spatial memory tasks. We assessed damage throughout the hippocampus by stereological analysis of the dentate gyrus and Ammon's horn. Rats were ADX or sham operated, and then tested in the Morris water maze 12 weeks after surgery, followed by testing on an eight-arm, alternating-baited ...

Abstraction has been extensively studied in the fields of artificial intelligence. It is especially useful for highdimensional continuous domains, since abstraction can reduce the large state space and action space in such problems. In this project, we solve the multi-task Maze problem by temporal difference learning under the abstraction selection framework. Simulation results show that the mu...

BACKGROUND Cancer chemotherapy has been associated with cognitive impairment. Several issues complicate such findings including the patients' health, use of multiple chemotherapeutic agents, and proper assessment of cognition. To control these factors, we conducted cognitive studies in female rats receiving cyclophosphamide or 5-fluorouracil (5FU). METHODS Young (7 months) female Fischer-344 ...

Nitric oxide (NO) is an intercellular messenger that has been suggested to have a role in learning and memory formation. Previous studies with nonselective NO synthase inhibitors have produced contradictory results in learning experiments. However, these drugs also produced blood pressure changes, as NO is an endothelial-derived relaxing factor. A novel NO synthase inhibitor, 7-nitro indazole (...

A major advantage of sheep models in experimental studies of neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., with prenatal neurotoxicant exposure) is that the equivalent of all three trimesters of human brain development occurs in sheep entirely in utero. However, studies of learning and memory in sheep are limited. The goal of this study was to extend the analysis of spatial learning and memory in adolesc...

AIM To investigate the effect of antisense oligonucleotide (ASODN) of noggin on rat spatial learning and memory. METHODS Expression of noggin mRNA was measured by in situ hybridization method and the ability to spatial learning and memory was tested with Morris water maze. RESULTS Compared with control rats, noggin mRNA positive neurons in dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3 region of hippocampus we...