Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) have attracted a significant attention of scientists and engineers in the past two decades. Improvement of membrane technologies coupled with experiences gained from application of membranes in different industrial processes have opened a gamut of opportunities in industrial wastewater treatment. The solidliquid separation that is conventionally carried out in gravit...

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology is a new method for water and wastewater treatment due to its ability to produce better and high-quality effluent that meets water quality regulations. MBR also is an advanced way to displace the conventional activated sludge (CAS) process. Even this membrane gives better performances compared to CAS, it does have few drawbacks such as high maintenance cost ...

We present a Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) decoder for statistical machine translation. The approach aims to minimize the expected loss of translation errors with regard to the BLEU score. We show that MBR decoding on N -best lists leads to an improvement of translation quality. We report the performance of the MBR decoder on four different tasks: the TCSTAR EPPS Spanish-English task 2006, the NIST ...

This study analyses the reliability of an on-site MBR system for greywater treatment and reuse. To achieve this goal simulation was performed based on the IWA ASM1 model which was adapted to describe biological and physical mechanisms for MBR greywater treatment based systems. Model results were found to agree well with experimental data from an on site pilot greywater treatment plant, after wh...

This paper presents two minimum Bayes risk (MBR) based Answer Re-ranking (MBRAR) approaches for the question answering (QA) task. The first approach re-ranks single QA system’s outputs by using a traditional MBR model, by measuring correlations between answer candidates; while the second approach reranks the combined outputs of multiple QA systems with heterogenous answer extraction components ...

Soluble microbial products (SMP) have been long time considered the major cause of membrane fouling when membrane bioreactors (MBR) are used for wastewater treatment. As a result, the formation and degradation of SMP have been incorporated in the conventional ASM models for a better prediction of MBR performance. This paper studies the impact of SMP modelling when optimizing the start-up of an ...

We present Minimum Bayes-Risk (MBR) decoding for statistical machine translation. This statistical approach aims to minimize expected loss of translation errors under loss functions that measure translation performance. We describe a hierarchy of loss functions that incorporate different levels of linguistic information from word strings, word-to-word alignments from an MT system, and syntactic...

Wastewater treatment plants in Ohio and elsewhere in the U.S. operating with MBR systems are required to disinfect permeate. This requirement results in an increased cost to both capital and O&M, and with chlorination there is a potential increase in the formation of disinfection byproducts. Disinfection following MBR treatment may not be needed if the MBR process alone removes microorganisms a...

BACKGROUND Shortened (12 months) multidrug multibacillary regimen (MDT MBR) was implemented in India in 1998, however there is yet a paucity of crucial data on its long-term outcome. OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of 12 months MDT MBR in multibacillary (MB) patients at our centre. DESIGN This was a retrospective study undertaken analysing the clinic records of 1210 patients registered at ...

A sequential batch reactor (SBR) and a membrane bioreactor (MBR) were inoculated with the same sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant, supplemented with ammonium, and operated in parallel for 84 days. It was investigated whether the functional stability of the nitrification process corresponded with a static ammonia-oxidizing bacterial (AOB) community. The SBR provided complete nitr...