Water sustainability is essential for meeting human needs for drinking water and sanitation in both developing and developed countries. Reuse, decentralization, and low energy consumption are key objectives to achieve sustainability in wastewater treatment. Consideration of these objectives has led to the development of new and tailored technologies in order to balance societal needs with the p...

Recently, enzymatic quorum quenching has proven its potential as an innovative approach for biofouling control in the membrane bioreactor (MBR) for advanced wastewater treatment. However, practical issues on the cost and stability of enzymes are yet to be solved, which requires more effective quorum quenching methods. In this study, a novel quorum quenching strategy, interspecies quorum quenchi...

A pilot-scale submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) was incorporated in a conventional activated sludge (CAS) process for more than 100 days in order to assess the feasibility and performance on the municipal wastewater treatment. After a stabilization period of 50 days, the MBR unit was operated under various temperatures (21 ± 4°C), mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentrations (14000 ± 1...

The minimum Bayes risk (MBR) decoding objective improves BLEU scores for machine translation output relative to the standard Viterbi objective of maximizing model score. However, MBR targeting BLEU is prohibitively slow to optimize over k-best lists for large k. In this paper, we introduce and analyze an alternative to MBR that is equally effective at improving performance, yet is asymptoticall...

BACKGROUND Patients with early-stage lung cancer who have a high baseline lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) have a favorable prognosis. However, the prognostic significance of LMR in patients with advanced-stage EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving first-line epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has not been established. We conducted a r...

The aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of cyclophosphamide and its principal metabolites (CPs) on microbial behaviour in a membrane bioreactor system. Two laboratory-scale membrane bioreactors (MBR) were run in parallel with a sludge retention time of 70 days (one with the cytostatic drugs, MBR-CPs, the second without, MBR-control). The microbial activity was measured by respirometri...

This paper uses calibrated versions of a sticky-price currency-substitution model to compare the initial dynamics and welfare costs of three types of stabilization program: Ž . Ž . exchange-rate-based ERB , money-based MB , and money-based with initial reliqueficaŽ . tion MBR . ERB and MBR programs are found to induce an initial expansion in real activity, whereas MB programs are initially cont...

This study investigated the effects of salinity increase on bacterial community structure in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) for wastewater treatment. The influent salt loading was increased gradually to simulate salinity build-up in the bioreactor during the operation of a high retention-membrane bioreactor (HR-MBR). Bacterial community diversity and structure were analyzed using 454 pyrosequencin...

Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) has been used as a decision rule for both singlesystem decoding and system combination in machine translation. For system combination, we argue that common MBR implementations are actually not correct, since probabilities in the hypothesis space cannot be reliably estimated. These implementations achieve the effect of consensus decoding (which may be beneficial in its o...

Membrane bioreactor technology represents the most rapidly growing membrane technology in the water sector. In recent years, MBR technologies have been playing a very important role in water and wastewater treatment. MBRs are used to treat a wide range of municipal and industrial wastewaters. MBR integrates membrane filtration with biological degradation system of waste products. It is defined ...