Listening plays a larger role in language acquisition and is critical aim for students order to receive information generated the target language. Its successful requires absorb cognitive processes then use them their spoken interactions promote understanding variety of communication settings. It instructor's job choose most effective methods ensuring students' learning this ability by selectin...

Tasks that demand externalized attention reliably suppress default network activity while activating the dorsal attention network. These networks have an intrinsic competitive relationship; activation of one suppresses activity of the other. Consequently, many assume that default network activity is suppressed during goal-directed cognition. We challenge this assumption in an fMRI study of plan...

Many representations for probabilistic propositional planning problems have been studied. This paper reviews several such representations and shows that, in spite of superficial differences between the represent at ions, they are “expressively equivalent ,” meaning that planning problems specified in one representation can be converted to equivalent planning problems in any of the other represe...

Many representations for probabilistic propositional planning problems have been studied. This paper reviews several such representations and shows that, in spite of superrcial diierences between the representations , they are \expressively equivalent," meaning that planning problems speciied in one representation can be converted to equivalent planning problems in any of the other representati...

This research focused on mid-term planning representing the tactical level of supply chain management among manufacturers. Mid-term planning is based on established frame contracts between suppliers and customers. Demand forecasts and early customer orders (from retailers or consumers) are the starting point for performing planning runs involving logistical functions such as procurement, produc...

The majority of planning and scheduling research has focused on batch-oriented models of planning. This paper discusses the use of iterative repair techniques to support a continuous planning process as is appropriate for autonomous spacecraft control. This allows the plan to incorporate execution feedback such as early or late completion of activities, and over-use or under-use of resources. I...

Planning problems are naturally knowledge rich. Yet, most planning research to date has focused on languages and algorithms to represent and search through the decision space in order to generate a feasible solution. This paper surveys previous work on extending planning algorithms with expressive representations of knowledge, in particular description logics, to reasoning about action, plan, a...

This paper presents an overview of the activities of CIGRE C6.19 Working Group (WG), focusing on the planning and optimization of active distribution systems. This builds on the recommendations of CIGRE WG C6.11 that focused on the development and operation of active distribution networks (ADNs). The C6.19 WG aims at addressing the following issues: (i) Survey on the state of the art on plannin...