background: advances in radiation dosimetry concepts and the development of primary measurement standards based on absorbed dose to water over the last decades offer the possibility to calibrate ionisation chambers directly in terms of absorbed dose to water. the aim of this study is the investigation on utility of artificial body fluid (abf) instead of water by comparing dosimetric measurement...

the issue of sustainable development has been widely acknowledged and spread rapidly after united nations conference on environment and development in rio in 1992. considerable attention is given to urban settlement areas. thus, role of urban development is seen as a challenging issue under circumstances. outcomes of the current patterns of world population growth and industrial development are...

abstract- the evaluation of leaf area and leaf nutritional value is important for crop growth modeling and estimations of its performance. the purpose of this study was to use image processing techniques to develop an economical method to ease the assessment of nutrient status and leaf area (la) of plants and to compare the outcomes of this method with linear models. leaf area and leaf chloroph...

conclusions this study indicated that the modified version of the adult nvps in step with the vrs is a useful tool for pain intensity assessment in the ed. results the average age of the participants was 35.2 years, and the extremities were the most common painful area (66.2%). the mean vrs and nvrs pain intensity ratings upon arrival were 6.16 (± 2.63) and 3.06 (± 2.17), respectively. the esti...

state estimation is the foundation of any control and decision making in power networks. the first requirement for a secure network is a precise and safe state estimator in order to make decisions based on accurate knowledge of the network status. this paper introduces a new estimator which is able to detect bad data with few calculations without need for repetitions and estimation residual cal...

this paper presents the application of the matching pursuit method to model synchronous generator. this method is useful for online analysis. in the proposed method, the field voltage is considered as input signal, while the terminal voltage and active power of the generator are output signals. usually, the difference equation with a second degree polynomial structure is used to estimate the co...

original article   one type of electromagnetic fields, based on frequency range, is extremely low frequency (elf) fields. there are lots of reports about measuring elf-magnetic field (mf) in substations, power plants, cities and etc. this study aimed to compare the difference between measurement of three-axis and single-axis probe mf meters. elf-mf was measured by tes-1394 mf tester (three-axis...

objective: cone beam computed tomography (cbct) is applied for the imaging of the maxillofacial and dental structures, particularly for surgical treatments and dental implants. the aim of this study was to assess the effect of slice thickness on the accuracy of cbct linear measurements. methods: in this diagnostic accuracy study, forty-two titanium pins with the same dimensions were inserted in...

conclusions this study indicated that the delivery rate accuracy of elastomeric infusion pumps is preserved after repeated usage. these laboratory findings suggested that elastomeric pumps could be safely refilled in the successive days to provide postoperative analgesia. results the mean flow rate in the three series of measurements showed a gradual increase; however, the difference was not st...