The Bureau of Osteopathic Specialists continually assesses the skills of osteopathic physician specialists in response to the growth of specialization in the osteopathic medical profession. Most recently, the Bureau has mandated that all osteopathic specialty certifying boards fully implement Osteopathic Continuous Certification no later than January 1, 2013. The authors discuss communication e...

Chief of Spine Surgery and Orthopedic Casualties, Alrazi Hospital; Chairman of Faculty Orthopedics and Post Graduate Training, Kuwait Institute for Medical Specialization (KIMS), Orthopedic Spine Surgeon, Canadian Board Certified, P.O. Box 1160, Surra 45712, Kuwait *Corresponding author Abdulrazzaq Alobaid, MD, FRCSC Chief of Spine Surgery and Orthopedic Casualties Alrazi Hospital; Chairman of ...

Specialization is a growing area of interest in the operating systems community. OS components specialized to some particular circumstance can o er enhanced performance, functionality, or both. Complimentary partial evaluation techniques for automatically specializing programs are also reaching maturity. However, the problem of managing specialization remains: how to specify a specialization, w...

BACKGROUND Little research addresses how medical students develop their choice of specialty training in Japan. The purpose of this research was to elucidate factors considered by Japanese medical students when formulating their specialty choice. METHODS We conducted qualitative interviews with 25 Japanese medical students regarding factors influencing specialty preference and their views on r...

Inheritance allows a class to be specialized and its attributes refined, but implementation specialization can only take place by overriding with manually implemented methods. Automatic program specialization can generate a specialized, efficient implementation. However, specialization of programs and specialization of classes (inheritance) are considered different abstractions. We present a ne...