A specialization semilattice is a structure which can be embedded into $(\mathcal P(X), \cup, \sqsubseteq )$, where $X$ topological space, $ x y$ means $x \subseteq Ky$, for $x,y X$, and $K$ closure in $X$. Specialization semilattices posets appear as auxiliary structures many disparate scientific fields, even unrelated to topology. In general, not expressible semilattice. On the other hand, we...

Patterns of ecological specialization offer invaluable information about ecosystems. Yet, specialization is rarely quantified across several ecological niche axes and variables beyond the link between morphological and dietary specialization have received little attention. Here, we provide a quantitative evaluation of ecological specialization in a coral reef fish assemblage (f. Acanthuridae) a...

Nesreen Abu Yousif Hamid1, Hala kamal Ali Mohamed2,3,4* and Mohammed Elmujtba Adam Essa5,6* Author Affiliations 1Health Professions Education, Education Development Research Centre Faculty of Medicine, the international university Africa, Sudan 2Departments Microbiology, African International University (AIU), 3Department clinical Immunology, Medical Specialization board (SMSB), 4Faculty medici...

Niche breadth of species has been hypothesized to be associated with species' responses to disturbance. Disturbance is usually believed to affect specialists negatively, while generalists are believed to benefit from disturbance; we call this the "specialization-disturbance" hypothesis. We also propose an associated hypothesis (the "specialization-asymmetry-disturbance" hypothesis) under which ...

Species-rich tropical communities are expected to be more specialized than their temperate counterparts. Several studies have reported increasing biotic specialization toward the tropics, whereas others have not found latitudinal trends once accounting for sampling bias or differences in plant diversity. Thus, the direction of the latitudinal specialization gradient remains contentious. With an...

A specialization scenario provides a programmer friendly mechanism communicating the information about specialization opportunities to partial evaluators. Unfortunately, the process of generating suitable scenarios remains an art only mastered by programmers with in-depth knowledge about partial evaluation. Existing works on generating scenarios either rely on a brute-force approach to generate...