the effects of three levels of transmembrane pressure (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mpa) as well as three temperature  levels of: 30, 40 and 50°c on the efficiency of nanofiltration process of waste brine from the regeneration of ion exchange resins at sugar industry (to recover water and sodium chloride) were investigated throughout the current study. the polyamide tubular afc40 membrane manufactured by p...

The total volume of water on Earth is circa 300 million cubic miles, with close to 98.0% being salt water and the remaining 2.0% fresh water. It has been increasingly more challenging to harvest fresh water from surface water, seawater and even from wastewater due to the combination of factors, viz. burgeoning population growth, rapid industrialization and climate change. Recently, membrane dis...

Membrane fouling remains an obstacle to wide-spread applications of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) for wastewater treatment and reclamation. Herein, we report a simple method to prepare a composite conductive microfiltration (MF) membrane by introducing a stainless steel mesh into a polymeric MF membrane and to effectively control its fouling by applying an external electric field. Linear sweep vo...

In the last decades, membrane processes have gained a significant share of the market for wastewater purification. Although the product (i.e., purified water) is not of high added value, these processes are feasible both technically and from an economic point of view, provided the flux is relatively high and that membrane fouling is strongly inhibited. By controlling membrane fouling, the membr...

Nanofiltration (NF) is an attractive option for the treatment of landfill leachate. However, membrane fouling can be a major obstacle in the implementation of this technology. In this study, bench-scale filtration experiments were carried out to study the fouling behaviour during the NF of a synthetic landfill leachate. The results indicate that calcium in combination with organic matter could ...

In this paper, we deal with the model-based time-optimal operation of a batch diafiltration process in the presence of membrane fouling. Membrane fouling poses one of the major problems in the field of membrane processes. We model the fouling behavior and estimate its parameters using various methods. Least-squares, least-squares with a moving horizon, recursive least-squares methods and the ex...

The results of experiments on municipal wastewater primary effluent are presented for a pilot-scale submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR). The SMBR pilot plant employed an ultrafiltration membrane with a nominal pore size of 0.035 microm and was operated at a constant membrane flux of 30 L/m(2)h. The mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration was maintained at 8+/-2 g/L and steady-state ...

Membrane fouling problem is one of the most crucial issues which restricts the development of MBR and is, therefore, the prime research topic for many researchers worldwide. Anaerobic MBRs offer interesting perspectives as a potential solution for the treatment of wastewaters under extreme conditions, e.g. high temperature and/or high salt content, However, the research on membrane fouling of A...

A filtration devise was developed to assess compressibility of fouling layers in membrane bioreactors. The system consists of a flat sheet membrane with air scouring operated at constant transmembrane pressure to assess the influence of pressure on resistance of fouling layers. By fitting a mathematical model, three model parameters were obtained; a back transport parameter describing the kinet...

Membrane fouling is one of the main issues in membrane processes, leading to a progressive decrease of permeability. High fouling rates strongly reduce the productivity of the membrane plant, and negatively affect the surviving rate of the membrane modules, especially when real wastewater is treated. On the other hand, since selectivity must meet certain target requirements, fouling may lead to...